不同缺血时间再灌注损伤对大鼠骨骼肌的影响

目的探讨不同缺血时间再灌注损伤对大鼠骨骼肌的影响。方法选取35只雄性Wistar大鼠,采用单侧夹闭股动脉和压力绷带施压的方法构建下肢骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)模型。根据不同缺血时间分为2 h缺血24 h再灌注(I2R24组)、2.5 h缺血24 h再灌注(I2.5R24组)、3 h缺血24 h再灌注(I3R24组)、4 h缺血24 h再灌注(I4R24组)、假手术组,每组7只。在再灌注终点,收集腓肠肌组织和血浆进行分析。采用湿重/干重比值(W/D)评估组织水肿情况;3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)检测组织活力;HE染色观察组织病理学变化;免疫荧光染色检测补体C1q和C3b/c沉积、凝血组织因子(TF)表达和纤维蛋白原(FN)沉积、缓激肽受体1(BR1)和BR2表达、内皮血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)和E选择素表达、炎症纤维介素蛋白-2(FGL-2)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)表达;ELISA法检测血浆干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-7(IL-7)、IL-18、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)水平。结果延长缺血时间再灌注,组织水肿逐渐加重,I2R24组、I2.5R24组、I3R24组、I4R24组W/D分别为5.3±0.2、6.1±0.3、6.9±0.2、7.6±0.3,高于假手术组的4.5±0.1(P均<0.01)。组织活力逐渐降低,I2R24组、I2.5R24组、I3R24组、I4R24组分别为(62.4±3.5)%、(45.3±3.3)%、(35.4±3.4)%、(27.1±5.9)%,低于假手术组的(93.8±7.2)%(P均<0.01)。病理组织损伤逐渐加重,最重为I4R24组,有严重肌细胞损伤、间质水肿和大量炎性细胞浸润,余依次为I3R24组、I2.5R24组、I2R24组,假手术组肌细胞结构完整、排列整齐。免疫荧光染色提示C1q、C3b/c、FN、BR1、VCAM-1、E选择素、FGL-2水平逐渐升高,由低到高依次为假手术组、I2R24组、I2.5R24组、I3R24组、I4R24组。MPO阳性细胞数/高倍镜(×200)细胞总数的大体比例逐渐升高,从高到低依次为I4R24组、I3R24组、I2.5R24组、I2R24组、假手术组。而TF和BR2表达在各组间无明显改变。血浆IFN-γ、IL-7、IL-18、MIP-1α、MCP-1浓度随缺血时间延长均逐渐升高(P均<0.01),从低到高依次为假手术组、I2R24组、I2.5R24组、I3R24组、I4R24组(P均<0.01)。结论延长缺血时间再灌注增加补体、凝血、激肽、内皮细胞激活及炎症因子释放,从而加重大鼠骨骼肌组织损伤。     

创伤患者随访的研究进展

随访是创伤患者出院后延续护理的重要环节,有利于医护人员及时掌握创伤患者出院后的病情变化和功能恢复状况,不仅降低并发症发生率和再入院率,而且提高生活质量.随着信息化技术的发展和应用,创伤患者的随访内容和形式存在较大差异,尚未建立统一标准,失访率较高.本文就创伤患者随访的意义以及随访在创伤患者康复中的应用进行综述,为创伤患...     

创伤性骨软骨损伤治疗的研究进展

创伤性骨软骨损伤(OL)在临床中常见,骨软骨在解剖上涉及软骨表面和软骨下骨,其解剖和生理功能存在特殊性,临床上处理OL时必须同时兼顾软骨及软骨下骨.目前对创伤性OL的手术及非手术治疗仍存在较多争议.而骨软骨组织工程多层支架设计更接近关节软骨到软骨下骨不同层次的解剖特性,目前已作为一个理想的选择应用于临床,以期达到更好地...     

125I粒子治疗儿少期头颈部交界瘤的靶区与剂量设计

目的总结并评价儿少期头颈部交界性肿瘤125I放射性粒子植入方案的靶区与剂量设计。方法选择2010年1月至2018年12月间于北京大学口腔医院就诊经单纯125I放射性粒子组织间植入近距离治疗或联合手术治疗的儿少期交界性肿瘤患者11例, 以大体肿瘤靶区外扩0.5～1.0 cm为计划靶区, 处方剂量80～120 Gy, 活度为18.5 MBq, 全麻下按治疗计划将125I放射性粒子植入靶区。术后进行随访, 记录疗效及不良反应。评析粒子植入前、后剂量学参数以及局部控制率、客观缓解率和不良反应发生率。结果 11例儿少期患者粒子植入前、后剂量学参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访33～131个月, 中位时间48个月。局部控制率100%, 完全缓解率71.4%, 客观缓解率100%, 急性不良反应率81.8%。结论 125I放射性粒子植入治疗儿少期头颈部交界瘤, 在合理的靶区及剂量设计下, 可获得满意的临床疗效且不良反应较低, 是一种可行的治疗手段。     

凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入"一站式"杂交手术配合

目的探讨"一站式"杂交手术救治凶险性前置胎盘患者的应用价值及重要性。 方法对多学科合作行杂交手术救治凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入患者的病例进行回顾性分析，总结"一站式"杂交手术多学科医护合作和护理配合要点。 结果经过多学科默契配合下的"一站式"杂交手术以及"L"型护理配合模式，手术顺利完成，术后无并发症发生，产妇于术后第4天出院。 结论凶险性前置胎盘患者病情危重、手术难度大，通过多学科讨论会、辐射防护、安全转运、医护默契配合以及根据潜在并发症采取预见性的护理措施是"一站式"杂交手术成功的要点。     

CT evaluation of upper thoracic spine for surgical application of transarticular screw placement

Introduction

Although pedicle screw fixation has been increasingly used in the upper thoracic spine in recent years, controversies exist about the safety and complications such as nerve or vascular intrusion associated with the technique. In this study, an alternative method of transarticular screw fixation was validated.

Materials and methods

Morphometric analysis was performed on computed tomography (CT) scans of the upper thoracic zygapophysial joints of C7, T1, T2 and T3 in 20 male and 20 female patients in the axial and sagittal planes. The degree of screw angulation was recorded in the sagittal and axial planes and the screw length was measured at the spinal level from C7 to T3.

Results

The smallest medial–lateral diameter and anterior–posterior diameter of IAP was found at T3 in the female patients and C7 in the male patients. The screw trajectory length ranged from 14.9 to 20.5 mm in all patients. All the above measurements were significantly different between male and female patients at all levels (P < 0.05). The mean value of screw trajectory angle was 19.3°–20.1° in the axial plane and 44.3°–45.7° in the sagittal plane. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between male and female patients in the axial and sagittal angles.

Conclusion

The morphometric data of C7–T3 zygapophysial joints indicate the suitable screw diameter and screw length for this technique. Transarticular screw fixation proved to be a potentially safe alternative to pedicle screw fixation in this region.     

Radiofrequency ablation of synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma

Objectives: The treatment of synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma is challenging. Radiofrequency ablation has been increasingly applied in the management of renal tumors. Herein, we report our experience of radiofrequency ablation on 12 patients with synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma. Methods: From March 2006 to September 2010, 12 patients with bilateral synchronous sporadic renal cell carcinoma (29 lesions overall) were identified from our kidney database. The mean age was 62.3 years (range 35–81). The mean tumor diameter was 4.5 cm (range 0.9–9.0). Three patients received unilateral radiofrequency ablation and contralateral radical nephrectomy, whereas nine patients received bilateral radiofrequency ablation. The oncological and functional outcomes were analyzed. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography examinations were carried out at day 7, and at 3 and 6 months after the procedure, and every 6 months thereafter. Results: The mean follow‐up period was 33 months (range 10–64). The local tumor control rate was 93.1% (27/29). Cancer‐specific survival and the overall survival rates were 100%. No death or renal failure after the procedure was found. In patients who underwent bilateral radiofrequency ablation, the latest mean glomerular filtration rate had not significantly declined compared with preoperative levels (93.7 ± 13.0 mL/min/1.73 m²vs 96.9 ± 13.3 mL/min/1.73 m², respectively; P > 0.05). Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation shows encouraging outcomes in the treatment of bilateral renal cell carcinoma. It can provide adequate local tumor control and cancer‐specific survival compared with nephron‐sparing surgery while not affecting the renal function.     

Surgical correction for sinus of valsalva aneurysm with right ventricular outflow tract stenosis

Abstract Background: Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare cardiac anomaly, and SVA combined with right ventricular outflow tract stenosis is even rarer. We retrospectively analyzed 222 patients receiving surgical repair of SVA in our center over nine years, and report the incidence of right ventricular outflow tract stenosis in SVAs and the surgical results of 13 cases of SVA with right ventricular outflow tract stenosis. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2009, 13 patients with SVA combined with right ventricular outflow tract stenosis underwent surgical repair of SVA and correction of right ventricular outflow tract stenosis. There were nine males and four females. The mean age was 29.69 ± 9.98 years (range 13 to 45 years). Associated cardiovascular lesions were ventricular septal defect (n = 12), aortic regurgitation (n = 9), mitral regurgitation (n = 2), and tricuspid regurgitation (n = 1). All 13 patients were followed from 35 to 126 months (mean 80.15 ± 32,14 months). Results: There was neither early death after operation nor late death. All the patients recovered well uneventfully. The incidence of right ventricular outflow tract stenosis among 222 SVA patients was 5.86%. Conclusions: Surgical correction of SVA with right ventricular outflow tract stenosis results in good mid‐term results. Longer follow‐up is needed to determine the efficacy of this procedure as this cohort of patients ages. (J Card Surg 2012;27:99–102)     

Increased tubular proliferation as an adaptive response to glomerular albuminuria

Renal tubular atrophy accompanies many proteinuric renal diseases, suggesting that glomerular proteinuria injures the tubules. However, local or systemic inflammation and filtration of abnormal proteins known to directly injure tubules are also present in many of these diseases and animal models; therefore, whether glomerular proteinuria directly causes tubular injury is unknown. Here, we examined the renal response to proteinuria induced by selective podocyte loss. We generated mice that express the diphtheria toxin receptor exclusively in podocytes, allowing reproducible dose-dependent, specific ablation of podocytes by administering diphtheria toxin. Ablation of <20% of podocytes resulted in profound albuminuria that resolved over 1-2 weeks after the re-establishment of normal podocyte morphology. Immediately after the onset of albuminuria, proximal tubule cells underwent a transient burst of proliferation without evidence of tubular damage or increased apoptosis, resulting in an increase in total tubular cell numbers. The proliferative response coincided with detection of the growth factor Gas6 in the urine and phosphorylation of the Gas6 receptor Axl in the apical membrane of renal tubular cells. In contrast, ablation of >40% of podocytes led to progressive glomerulosclerosis, profound tubular injury, and renal failure. These data suggest that glomerular proteinuria in the absence of severe structural glomerular injury activates tubular proliferation, potentially as an adaptive response to minimize the loss of filtered proteins.     

二次测量三维CT重建数据在脊柱侧弯矫形术中的应用

目的探讨术前二次测量三维CT重建数据在脊柱侧弯矫形术中的应用和临床意义。方法 2006年8月-2008年3月收治11例重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸患者,男4例,女7例;年龄15～19岁,平均17.2岁。术前在软件操作平台上行二次测量三维CT重建数据,根据测量结果选取入钉点位置,选择合适长度和直径的椎弓根螺钉,按测量角度植入螺钉。共植入197枚螺钉。记录椎弓根螺钉植入时间、术中失血量、术后神经功能状态,测量手术前后矢状面、冠状面Cobb角改变率,术后CT评估螺钉植入的准确性(Andrew分级)。结果椎弓根螺钉植入时间为1～11 min,平均5.8 min;术中失血量为450～2 300 mL,平均1 520 mL。术后1周内复查X线片,冠状面Cobb角矫正率68.5%,矢状面Cobb角矫正率55.5%。术后1周内复查CT扫描显示螺钉位置Ⅰ级77枚(39.1%),Ⅱ级116枚(58.9%),Ⅲ级4枚(2.0%)。11例均获随访,随访时间14个月～2年,无内固定物断裂、移位等并发症以及神经刺激症状发生。结论术前二次测量三维CT重建后的数据为脊柱侧弯患者提供了有效的术中指导,可提高椎弓根植钉准确率和手术安全性。