TAPP与TEP治疗腹股沟疝的临床对比研究

目的探讨TAPP与TEP治疗腹股沟疝的临床治疗效果。方法选取2015年1月-2017年12月至本院行腹腔镜疝修补手术的单侧腹股沟疝患者134例为观察对象,按手术方式的不同随机分为TEP组及TAPP组两组。对比分析两组的手术时间、手术出血量、住院时间、住院费用、术后24 h急性疼痛评分(VSA)、并发症发生率。结果 TEP组手术时间、住院费用明显短于或少于TAPP组,差异具有统计学意义。术后24 h急性疼痛评分(VSA)两组相比差异无统计学意义。TEP与TAPP在手术出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义。结论 TAPP并不增加术后早期急性疼痛的发生率,TAPP与TEP均是治疗腹股沟疝的有效方式。     

PDCA循环在缩短肺功能患者等候时间中的作用

目的：探讨PDCA在缩短肺功能患者等候时间中的作用。方法：通过调取2018年3月19~4月19日肺功能工作量与2017年同期对比，查找患者等候时间长的原因。结果：通过完善绩效考核体系、设定基础工作量、加强科室内部协调等措施，有效缩短了患者等候时间，提高了工作效率。结论：通过PDCA循环，不仅缩短了患者等候时间和呼吸科平均住院日，还提高了患者满意度，使科室内部合作更加协调与紧密。     

Pediatric Wilson disease presenting as acute liver failure: Prognostic indices

BACKGROUNDAcute liver failure (ALF) can be a primary presentation of Wilson disease (WD). Mortality rates are high in WD with ALF (WDALF). Predictions of mortality in WDALF vary by model and are sometimes contradictory, perhaps because few patients are studied or WD diagnoses are questionable. AIMTo determine the outcomes among well-documented WDALF patients and assess mortality model performance in this cohort.METHODSWe reviewed the medical records of our pediatric WDALF patients (n = 41 over 6-years-old, single-center retrospective study) and compared seven prognostic models (King’s College Hospital Criteria, model for end-stage liver disease/pediatric end-stage liver disease scoring systems, Liver Injury Unit [LIU] using prothrombin time [PT] or international normalized ratio [INR], admission LIU using PT or INR, and Devarbhavi model) with one another.RESULTSAmong the 41 Han Chinese patients with ALF, WD was established by demonstrating ATP7B variants in 36. In 5 others, Kayser-Fleischer rings and Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia permitted diagnosis. Three died during hospitalization and three underwent liver transplantation (LT) within 1 mo of presentation and survived (7.3% each); 35 (85.4%) survived without LT when given enteral D-penicillamine and zinc-salt therapy with or without urgent plasmapheresis. Parameters significantly correlated with mortality included encephalopathy, coagulopathy, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, bilirubin, ammonia, and serum sodium levels. Area under the receiver operating curves varied among seven prognostic models from 0.981 to 0.748 with positive predictive values from 0.214 to 0.429.CONCLUSIONWDALF children can survive and recover without LT when given D-penicillamine and Zn with or without plasmapheresis, even after enlisting for LT.     

Electroacupuncture improves learning and memory functions in a rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation

Electroacupuncture has been widely used to treat cognitive impairment after cerebral ischemia, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the formation and development of cognitive impairment, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3 K)/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in autophagy regulation. To investigate the role played by the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway in the electroacupuncture treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat models, we first established a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery using the suture method. Starting at 2 hours after modeling, electroacupuncture was delivered at the Shenting(GV24) and Baihui(GV20) acupoints, with a dilatational wave(1–20 Hz frequency, 2 mA intensity, 6 V peak voltage), for 30 minutes/day over 8 consecutive days. Our results showed that electroacupuncture reduced the infarct volume in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, increased the mRNA expression levels of the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathwayrelated factors Beclin-1, mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), and PI3 K, increased the protein expression levels of phosphorylated Akt, Beclin-1, PI3 K, and mTOR in the ischemic cerebral cortex, and simultaneously reduced p53 mRNA and protein expression levels. In the Morris water maze test, the latency to find the hidden platform was significantly shortened among rats subjected to electroacupuncture stimulation compared with rats without electroacupuncture stimulation. In the spatial probe test, the number of times that a rat crossed the target quadrant was increased in rats subjected to electroacupuncture stimulation compared with rats without electroacupuncture stimulation. Electroacupuncture stimulation applied to the Shenting(GV24) and Baihui(GV20) acupoints activated the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway and improved rat learning and memory impairment. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China(approval No. 8150150901) on March 10, 2016.     

Circulating CCL20: A potential biomarker for active vitiligo together with the number of Th1/17 cells

Background

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease with varying pathological features. Activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, whether CCL20-CCR6 and Th1/17 cells are indicative of active vitiligo is unclear.

Effect of high salt diet on the renal medullary cyclooxygenase 2 expression

Objective To examine the effect and mechanism of high salt diet on the renal medullary cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression and urinary sodium excretion. Methods Thirty male C57BL/6j mice were divided into four groups: (1) normal salt diet group (0.4%NaCl, n=5); (2) high salt diet group (8% NaCl, n=5); (3) Bortezomib+normal salt diet group (n=10); (4) Bortezomib+high salt diet group (n=10). The different groups were pre-treated with saline or bortezomib，followed by normal salt diet or high salt diet for three days. All the mice were maintained on metabolic cage at the last day and allowed free access to water. Twenty-four hours urine was collected. Body weight, urine volumes were documented. At the end of experiments, mice were sacrificed under anesthesia and the kidneys were harvested for Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The transgenic mice carrying a luciferase reporter driven by an NF-κB response promoter, HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) (HLL mice) were used to explore the effect of high salt diet on renal medullary NF-κB activity. HLL mice were fed with normal salt diet or high salt diet for 3 days, after which renal medullary luciferase activity was determined using a commercial luciferase assay kit. Luciferase activity was quantified with a luminometer and adjusted for the total amount of proteins. The cellular location of NF-κB was examined using immunohistochemistry of NF-κB p65 staining. Results (1) Western blotting results showed high salt diet significantly increased the COX2 expression in the renal medulla of C57BL/6j mice (P﹤0.05). (2) High salt diet significantly increased NF-κB luciferase reporter activity in the HLL mice renal medullary tissues when compared to normal salt diet (P﹤0.05). The immunohistochemistry of NF-κB p65 showed the expression of NF-κB was mainly in the renal interstitial cells. (3) Western blotting results showed bortezomib inhibited the renal medullar COX2 expression induced by high salt diet (P﹤0.05). (4) Bortezomib decreased the urinary sodium excretion of high salt diet mice (P﹤0.05), but had no change on urine volume. Conclusions High salt diet induce renal medullary COX2 over-expression and activate the activation of NF-κB in renal medullary. Bortezmoib can inhibit the renal medullar COX2 expression induced by high salt diet. The NF-κB pathway activation may involve in the regulation of renal medullar COX2 expression by high salt diet.     

Impact of Multifocality and Multilocation of Positive Surgical Margin After Radical Prostatectomy on Predicting Oncological Outcome

Objective

To assess the impact of focality and location of positive surgical margins (PSM) on long-term outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa), including biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis and overall mortality.

益气健脾方对老年慢性肾功能不全患者营养状况影响的临床研究及机制探讨

目的探讨益气健脾方对老年慢性肾功能不全患者营养状况的影响及作用机制。方法将60例老年慢性肾功能不全营养不良患者随机分为对照组和研究组,每组30例。在常规治疗基础上,对照组予以复方α-酮酸片每次2.52 mg,3次/d,口服;研究组在对照组基础上予以益气健脾方每次150 mL,2次/d,口服。两组患者均治疗3个月。比较两组间临床疗效、血清生化营养学指标水平、肾功能、血清炎症因子水平,及药物不良反应发生率。结果对照组总有效率66.67%(20/30)低于研究组总有效率90.00%(27/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,与对照组比较,研究组血清前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、转铁蛋白(TRF)水平较高,血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平较低,肾小球滤过率(GFR)水平较高,血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗过程中,两组出现的不良反应为恶心呕吐、食欲不振。研究组不良反应发生率为13.33%(4/30),对照组不良反应发生率为6.67%(2/30),两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论益气健脾方能有效改善老年慢性肾功能不全患者的营养状况,其作用可能与提高肾功能及缓解微炎症状态有关,而且具有较高安全性。     

Short or Long Sleep Duration and CKD: A Mendelian Randomization Study

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双胎贫血-红细胞增多序列征分析及文献复习

目的探讨双胎贫血-红细胞增多序列征(TAPS)的临床特点，并进行文献复习。 方法选择2016年5月，四川大学华西第二医院新生儿科收治的单绒毛膜双羊膜囊(MCDA) TAPS新生儿(新生儿1、2)为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法，收集本对TAPS新生儿的临床病例资料，对其临床特点进行分析。本研究对TAPS文献进行复习时，设定检索策略为：以"双胎贫血红-细胞增多序列征"为关键词，在中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据知识服务平台中，检索TAPS相关文献，检索时间设定为各数据库建库至2018年8月31日。总结TAPS的临床特点及其诊断、治疗与预后。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①对本对TAPS新生儿母亲的临床资料采集如下：29岁，自然受孕，G₁P₀，孕龄为11^＋6孕周时，于本院建卡进行定期产前检查，乙型肝炎病毒携带病史20^＋年(接受定期随访)；孕龄为16^＋5孕周时，超声检查提示MCDA双活胎。于孕龄为36^＋4孕周时发现重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症，予以地塞米松促胎肺成熟、保肝及降胆汁酸等治疗1 d后，经剖宫产术分娩一对活男婴。②对本对TAPS新生儿的临床资料采集如下：均为男性，出生胎龄为36^＋5周。其中，新生儿1：出生体重为2 420 g，生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分均为10分，生后1 h＋58 min转入本院新生儿科，全身皮肤红紫，胃管内反复抽出咖啡色胃液，穿刺部位、脐带残端可见渗血。转入本院新生儿科时，血红蛋白(Hb)值为278 g/L，血细胞比容为78.4%，网织红细胞百分比为3.0%，诊断为红细胞增多症等。新生儿2：出生体重为1 870 g，生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分均为10分，生后34 min转入本院新生儿科，全身皮肤苍白、反应差，竖颈差，四肢肌张力减低，原始反射减弱，转入本院新生儿科时，Hb值为63 g/L，血细胞比容为21.2%，网织红细胞百分比为39.7%，诊断为重度新生儿贫血等。新生儿1、2的Hb差值为215 g/L，并且新生儿2与新生儿1网织红细胞百分比的比值为13.2，确诊为TAPS双胎新生儿。新生儿1、2均合并多系统并发症，分别予以部分换血、输血治疗后好转出院，生后随访1年，生长发育均正常。③文献复习结果：按照本研究设定的文献检索策略，共计检索出7篇报道TAPS研究的文献，涉及25对(50例)TAPS新生儿/胎儿的临床特点、诊治及预后等方面研究。其中，受血儿均表现为多血貌，供血儿均表现为贫血貌。50例TAPS新生儿/胎儿的治疗结局为：37例(74.0%)好转出院，1例(2.0%)纳入原始研究时尚未娩出，9例(18.0%)死亡，2例(4.0%)因严重并发症放弃治疗后结局不详，1例(2.0%)新生儿因气腹征转院接受进一步治疗后失访。在37例好转出院的TAPS新生儿中，4例(10.8%)合并低白蛋白血症，4例(10.8%)合并神经系统损害，22例(59.5%)合并心血管系统并发症，14例(37.8%)合并呼吸系统并发症，14例(37.8%)合并新生儿黄疸；对其均缺乏长期随访，长期预后均不详。 结论国内报道的TAPS多于生后才被确诊，新生儿临床特点主要为MCDA新生儿的生后Hb差值大(>80 g/L)，而羊水量差异不明显，可合并多系统并发症，其长期预后目前尚不明确。对MCDA新生儿的大脑中动脉峰值流速(MCA-PSV)测定与胎盘超声检查，可协助临床于产前尽早诊断TAPS。