海南省盲和低视力流行病学调查

对海南省３３６００人，进行了盲和低视力流行病学调查，海南省双眼盲患病率为０．７６％，单眼盲患病率为０．７１％，双眼低视力患病率为０．７３％，单眼低视力患病率为０．５０％，盲和低视力的患病率都随年龄增长而递增，双，单眼盲和低视力都是女性明显高于男性，致盲病因中，双单眼盲部都以白内障最多。其次双眼盲以青光眼，单眼盲以角膜病，眼外伤最多，双眼盲２５４人中有１８３人可以治疗，占７２％，单眼盲２４０人中有１     

安徽省两地人群盲和低视力及眼病的流行病学抽样调查（一）

目的方法结果结论对安徽省两地人群盲和低视力及眼病的流行病学情况进行抽样调查。选择阜阳市颍州区和宣城市绩溪县,采用随机整体抽样方法,对所属居民进行眼部及其他情况的调查。两地的受检人数和受检率分别为3336人（91.40%）和3602人（92.10%）,达到抽样调查要求;两地双眼盲、单眼盲、双眼低视力和单眼低视力的患病率分别为1.05%和0.69%、1.71%和1.25%、1.02%和0.97%、0.87%和0.89%;两地盲和低视力的主要原因分别为：白内障、弱视、青光眼和白内障、眼球萎缩/缺如、青光眼;两地主要眼病都为：屈光不正、白内障、翼状胬肉和沙眼;两地的白内障手术率分别为600和278。据不完全资料估计我省盲和低视力的患病率远高于全国平均水平,盲和低视力的高发人群为50岁以上老年人,女性,孤寡,文盲,低收入者,白内障仍是最主要致盲原因,屈光不正/弱视已日益成为影响人民特别是青少年视力的最主要因素,广泛宣传正确用眼方式,推广青少年正确验光配镜方法,提高相关人员验光配镜水平对于有效降低弱视致残率至关重要。     

上海市北新泾街道60岁及以上人群盲和视力损伤的现况调查

目的 调查上海市北新泾街道60岁及以上老年人低视力、盲的患病率及致盲原因,并与以前调查结果相比较,评价近年该地区实施防盲治盲项目的 效果.方法 应用横断面研究的流行病学调查方法.由上海交通大学附属第一人民医院和上海市长宁区北新泾社区卫生服务中心于2007年11月至2008年4月采用整群随机抽样方法在上海市长宁区北新泾街道抽取8个社区,对其中所有的60岁及以上老年人进行调查,检查日常生活视力和针孔镜矫正视力,应用裂隙灯显微镜、直接检眼镜和眼底照相机等仪器检查受检者外眼、眼前节及眼底等情况.观察低视力及盲的患病情况,分析致盲的主要原因.正式调查前先进行预试验,通过计算kappa值进行不同检查者诊断结果的重复性检验,保证调查质量.结果 在应检录4153人中,受检人数为3851人,受检率为92.73%.按照世界卫生组织视力损伤标准:双眼盲29人,其中男性11人(占37.93%)、女性18人(占62.07%).双眼低视力104人,其中男性37人(占35.58%)、女性67人(占64.42%).双眼盲和双眼低视力的患病率分别为0.75%和2.70%.致盲的主要原因依次为:黄斑变性、白内障、角膜瘢痕或混浊及视网膜脱离.按照日常生活视力和视力损伤标准:重度双眼盲61人,其中男性20人(占32.79%)、女性41人(占67.21%).轻度双眼盲66人,其中男性27人(占40.91%)、女性39人(占59.09%).单眼盲276人,其中男性120人(占43.48%)、女性156人(占56.52%).重度双眼盲、轻度双眼盲、单眼盲的患病率分别为1.58%、1.71%和7.17%.致盲的主要原因依次为:黄斑变性、白内障、屈光不正及角膜瘢痕或混浊.结论 黄斑变性仍是致盲的首要原因,眼底病患病率逐渐上升,社区防盲项目已初显成效.     

新疆限定城乡40岁及以上人群低视力与盲的患病率及病因调查

目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区城乡居民低视力与盲的患病率及病因构成,为地区性防盲、治盲提供资料和依据.方法 采用整群随机抽祥原则,以世界卫生组织盲目分级为标准,对新疆乌鲁木齐市及库车县农村抽取8295例进行低视力和盲的流行病学调查.结果 双眼低视力与盲的患病率分别为5.26％(城市3.65％,农村6.82％)和2.51％(城市1.56％,农村3.44％);男性双眼低视力与盲的患病率分别为5.47％和2.75％;女性双眼低视力与盲的患病率分别为5.10％和2.33％; 60岁～组及70岁～组低视力和盲的患病率增高明显.结论 城乡低视力与盲的患病率差异较大,致低视力和致肓眼病均以白内障为首位,其他致盲眼病依次为青光眼、眼底病、眼表疾病等.     

西藏自治区墨脱县人群盲和低视力现况调查

目的探讨与了解西藏自治区墨脱县人群盲与低视力的流行病学变化情况。方法以村为基础,采用随机整群抽样原则,抽取6个行政村作为调查地点。采用世界卫生组织制定的盲与低视力标准,对全县按2．05％抽样比例抽取样本进行盲与低视力的流行病学调查。结果检录821人中,受检人数为735人,受检率为89．52％。双眼盲19人,盲率为2．59％（男性1．72％,女性3．40％）;双眼低视力32人,低视力患病率为4．35％（男性4．02％,女性4．67％）。≥40岁盲及低视力患者的患病率明显增高。致盲的眼病依次为白内障（42．11％）、角膜病（21．05％）及青光眼（15．79％）。结论西藏自治区墨脱县人群中盲和致低视力的眼病以白内障居首位,因此手术治疗白内障仍是今后防盲治盲工作的首要任务。     

陕西省农村50岁以上人群白内障和盲的患病率调查

目的:调查陕西省农村50岁以上老年人群中白内障的患病率,并评价由白内障造成视力损伤的情况.方法:2003-07/12,采用整体随机分层抽样法在陕西省洋县、靖边县和富平县调查8 500人,其中≥50岁人群2 213人.所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查及详细的眼科检查.视力检查使用LogMAR视力表分别对每只眼进行测量,晶状体混浊使用国内标准在裂隙灯下进行评价.结果:1 775人接受了检查,应答率为80.2%,50岁以上人群白障患病率为37.2%,男性白内障患病率为28.6%,女性白障患病率为44.3%,男性患病率低于女性(P＜0.01),50岁人群白内障患病率为17.9%,70岁以上人群则上升到82.4%,白内障的患病率随着年龄增长而明显上升(P＜0.01).其中皮质性白内障患病率为34.5%,核性白内障为9.2%,后囊下白内障为6.7%.在1 775名受检者中,20人在检查前实施了白内障手术.该人群中双眼盲和双眼低视力的患病率分别为2.1%和3.2%,由白内障造成的双眼盲、单眼盲、双眼低视力、单眼低视力分别占56.8%,68.8%,38.6%,73.8%.结论:调查结果表明白内障在陕西省农村还是一个比较严重的公众健康问题.白内障手术在农村地区实施的情况还很低.白内障是造成视力损伤的最主要原因.     

南通市新城桥街道60岁及以上人群盲和低视力的现况调查

目的调查江苏省南通市城市人口中60岁及以上人群盲和低视力的患病率及其原因。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取新城桥街道14个社区中的8个,并对所有60岁及以上人群进行检查。分别检查小孔视力和日常生活视力,应用裂隙灯显微镜和直接检眼镜等仪器检查受检者外眼、眼前节及眼底等情况。正式调查前先进行预试验。结果共检录3352人,受检人数为3040人,应答率90．69％。按小孔视力和世界卫生组织视力损伤标准,双眼盲和低视力患病率分别为1．35％和1．84％,其中女性分别为1．92％和2．33％,男性为0．66％和1．24％;盲和低视力患病率随着年龄的增长而增加;致盲和低视力的首要原因为白内障。按日常生活视力和视力损伤标准,双眼盲和视力损伤的患病率分别为1．58％和13．59％,其中女性分别为2．10％和15．98％,男性为0．95％和10．66％;盲和视力损伤的患病率亦随年龄的增长而增加;致双眼盲的首要原因亦为白内障。结论南通市60岁及以上城市人群盲的患病率低于华北、华南及西部地区。女性与文盲的盲和低视力患病率分别高于男性与非文盲。南通市城市人口中致盲的主要原因依次为白内障、眼底异常、屈光不正及角膜瘢痕或混浊等。     

陕西省农村人群盲和低视力患病率的调查研究

目的调查陕西省农村以自然人群为基础的盲、低视力的患病率及其原因。方法 2010年7月至2012年7月采用分层整群随机抽样法在陕西省留坝县、黄陵县、蓝田县调查4110人,所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查及详细的眼科检查,包括应用标准对数视力表(LogMAR)检查远、近视力,日常生活视力;若受检者视力低于1.0,加针孔板记录针孔视力,根据WHO标准诊断盲和低视力患病率。结果 共有3494人完成了标准问卷及详细的眼科检查,应答率为85.0%。盲和低视力的患病率分别为1.0%和4.8%,其中女性盲的患病率为0.9%,男性为1.1%,男性高于女性;女性低视力的患病率为5.0%,男性为4.4%,女性高于男性(P=0.658),盲和低视力的患病率性别差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。盲和低视力的患病率随年龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.01)、随文化程度的增高而降低(P<001)。盲的主要原因是白内障、角膜病变、青光眼,分别占58.8%、11.8%、59%;低视力的主要原因是白内障、高度近视性视网膜病变和屈光不正,分别占616%、10.8%和96%。结论 陕西省农村以自然人群为基础的盲、低视力的患病率均较高,随着年龄的增加而增加,随着文化程度的增高而降低;白内障是导致盲和低视力的主要原因。     

云南省高海拔农村多民族聚居区盲和低视力患病率调查

目的 探讨云南省高海拔农村多民族聚居区贡山县盲和低视力患病率及分布特点。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法。2008年2至4月选取云南省贡山县全年龄组常住居民作为调查对象。调查地点为人选居民所在的村庄。调查程序包括问卷调查、预调查、视力检查、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜检查及眼底检查。盲定义为较好眼最佳矫正视力＜0.05,低视力定义为较好眼最佳矫正视力≥0.05且＜0.3。按年龄、性别、职业、教育程度、民族及居住地海拔高度分别计算盲和低视力的患病率,同时确定盲和低视力的原因。患病率的分层比较采用四格表卡方检验、Rx2卡方检验、趋势卡方检验。结果 3070名入选对象中2460名接受检查,受检率为80.1％。其中有159例视力损伤,总体患病率为6.46％,包括19例双眼盲患者,46例单眼盲患者,49例双眼低视力患者,45例单眼低视力患者。视力损伤在不同民族之间差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.75,P=0.388),而视力损伤在不同海拔居住地的居民之间差异有统计学意义(x2 =18.34,P=0.000)。年龄大（≥70岁）、文盲和从事体力劳动者视力损伤患病率高,分别为2.24％、4.19％、5.65％。42.1％(8/19)的双眼盲患者的致盲原因是白内障,角膜混浊占26.32％ (5/19)及眼底异常占21.1％ (4/19)。白内障也是双眼低视力的主要原因,占42.9％ (21/49)。结论 白内障是云南省贡山县的主要致盲原因,需要当地卫生机构采取措施来降低当地盲和低视力患病率,尤其是白内障盲。     

上海市金山区廊下镇老年人盲和低视力流行病学研究

目的研究上海市金山区廊下镇60岁及以上人群的盲和低视力患病率、致盲病因及其相关因素。方法对目标人群进行整群抽样。对调查对象完成视力、眼压、验光、裂隙灯、免散瞳数字眼底照相等检查,采用最佳矫正视力和日常生活视力及其视力损伤标准确立盲或低视力,并明确主要病因。结果本研究实际受检2150人,受检率为80.95%。按照最佳矫正视力损伤标准分类:双眼盲35例,患病率为1.63%;双眼低视力176例,患病率8.18%,白内障、黄斑变性、角膜病、眼球萎缩或缺如、糖尿病视网膜病变是前五位主要病因;女性盲患病率(2.10%)高于男性(0.86%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按照日常生活视力损伤标准分类:双眼盲43例,患病率为2.00%;双眼低视力467例,患病率为21.72%;女性低视力患病率(8.99%)高于男性(7.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);白内障、未矫正的屈光不正、黄斑变性、角膜病、眼球萎缩或缺如是前五位主要病因。结论对于上海农村地区的老年人,必须通过加强白内障复明手术的实施、屈光不正的矫正、眼底退变性疾病的筛查和干预来提高防盲治盲的效率。     

三亚市郊≥50岁人群低视力及盲流行病学调查

目的:调查海南省三亚市郊≥50岁人群中低视力及盲的发病率并分析其原因。方法:随机抽取28个抽样单位的≥50岁人群共2569例进行调查。对调查人员进行矫正视力、外眼、前房、晶状体、玻璃体及眼底检查。观察其低视力及盲的患病率,分析致盲的重要原因。结果:2569例中受检2206例,受检率85.87%,低视力和盲的患病率分别为3.85%和1.90%。致盲主要眼病依次为白内障、青光眼、角膜病、眼睑疾病及翼状胬肉。结论:白内障依然是低视力和盲的首要病因,但眼睑疾病及翼状胬肉致盲也不容忽视。     

上海浦东三林镇老年人盲和低视力流行病学调查

目的调查上海市浦东新区三林镇70岁及以上老年人盲和低视力的患病率及致病原因。方法以世界卫生组织制定的分级为标准,使用针孔镜矫正视力,统计其盲与低视力患病率,分析盲及低视力的主要病因。结果盲及低视力患病率分别为2.4%和8.8%,致盲和低视力的眼病均以白内障居首位,其次为老年性黄斑变性、角膜病和青光眼等。结论手术治疗白内障是降低盲与低视力患病率的主要措施,老年性黄斑变性等难治性眼病的防治亦应成为防盲治盲工作的重点。     

甘肃省平凉市崆峒区人群盲和低视力现况调查

目的:探讨与了解甘肃省平凉市崆峒区人群盲与低视力的患病率及致病原因。方法:应用横断面研究的流行病学调查方法,以村(社区)为基础,采用随机整群抽样原则抽取6个乡镇2个街道办事处作为调查地点。采用世界卫生组织制定的盲与低视力标准,对全区按0.719%抽样比例抽取样本进行盲与低视力的流行病学调查。结果:检录3235例中,受检人数为2801例,受检率为86.58%,双眼盲21例,盲率为0.75%(男0.59%,女0.91%);双眼低视力125例,低视力患病率为4.46%(男3.73%,女5.16%),≥60岁以上盲与低视力患者的患病率明显增高。致盲病因前三位的眼病依次为白内障(47.62%)、角膜病(14.29%)、青光眼(14.29%)。结论:崆峒区人群中盲和低视力的眼病以白内障居首位,因此手术治疗白内障仍是今后防盲治盲工作的首要任务。     

Low vision and blindness in adults in Gurage Zone,central Ethiopia

AIM: To determine the magnitude and causes of low vision and blindness in the Gurage zone, central Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling technique was used to identify the study subjects. Visual acuity was recorded for all adults 40 years and older. Subjects who had a visual acuity of <6/18 were examined by an ophthalmologist to determine the cause of low vision or blindness. RESULTS: From the enumerated population, 2693 (90.8%) were examined. The prevalence of blindness (<3/60 better eye presenting vision) was 7.9% (95% CI 6.9 to 8.9) and of low vision (6/24-3/60 better eye presenting vision) was 12.1% (95% CI 10.9 to 13.3). Monocular blindness was recorded in 16.3% of the population. Blindness and low vision increased with age. The odds of low vision and blindness in women were 1.8 times that of the men. The leading causes of blindness were cataract (46.1%), trachoma (22.9%), and glaucoma (7.6%). While the prevalence of vision reducing cataract increased with age, the prevalence of trachoma related vision loss did not increase with age, suggesting that trichiasis related vision loss in this population might not be cumulative. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of low vision and blindness is high in this zone and requires urgent intervention, particularly for women. Further investigation of the pattern of vision loss, particularly as a result of trachomatous trichiasis, is warranted.     

A survey of blindness and low vision in Shanxi Province

In accordance with the unified criteria and methods over the country, a sampling survey of blindness and low vision was carried out in Shanxi province in April, 1987. The sample population was 53,656 persons and the actual number examined was 51,664 (96.3%). The provincial prevalence of blindness was 0.46%, i.e. 0.18% in cities and 0.50% in rural areas, with senile cataract as the leading cause for blindness (29.7%). The prevalence of monocular blindness was 0.85% and that of low vision 1.23%. The authors also proposed key points for the prevention and treatment of blindness and low vision.     

Causes of low vision and blindness in rural Indonesia

AIM: To determine the prevalence rates and major contributing causes of low vision and blindness in adults in a rural setting in Indonesia METHODS: A population based prevalence survey of adults 21 years or older (n=989) was conducted in five rural villages and one provincial town in Sumatra, Indonesia. One stage household cluster sampling procedure was employed where 100 households were randomly selected from each village or town. Bilateral low vision was defined as habitual VA (measured using tumbling "E" logMAR charts) in the better eye worse than 6/18 and 3/60 or better, based on the WHO criteria. Bilateral blindness was defined as habitual VA worse than 3/60 in the better eye. The anterior segment and lens of subjects with low vision or blindness (both unilateral and bilateral) (n=66) were examined using a portable slit lamp and fundus examination was performed using indirect ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: The overall age adjusted (adjusted to the 1990 Indonesia census population) prevalence rate of bilateral low vision was 5.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2 to 7.4) and bilateral blindness was 2.2% (95% CI 1.1 to 3.2). The rates of low vision and blindness increased with age. The major contributing causes for bilateral low vision were cataract (61.3%), uncorrected refractive error (12.9%), and amblyopia (12.9%), and the major cause of bilateral blindness was cataract (62.5%). The major causes of unilateral low vision were cataract (48.0%) and uncorrected refractive error (12.0%), and major causes of unilateral blindness were amblyopia (50.0%) and trauma (50.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The rates of habitual low vision and blindness in provincial Sumatra, Indonesia, are similar to other developing rural countries in Asia. Blindness is largely preventable, as the major contributing causes (cataract and uncorrected refractive error) are amenable to treatment.     

Prevalence of blindness and low vision in Malaysian population: results from the National Eye Survey 1996

BACKGROUND: A national eye survey was conducted in 1996 to determine the prevalence of blindness and low vision and their major causes among the Malaysian population of all ages. METHODS: A stratified two stage cluster sampling design was used to randomly select primary and secondary sampling units. Interviews, visual acuity tests, and eye examinations on all individuals in the sampled households were performed. Estimates were weighted by factors adjusting for selection probability, non-response, and sampling coverage. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 69% (that is, living quarters response rate was 72.8% and household response rate was 95.1%). The age adjusted prevalence of bilateral blindness and low vision was 0.29% (95% CI 0.19 to 0.39%), and 2.44% (95% CI 2.18 to 2.69%) respectively. Females had a higher age adjusted prevalence of low vision compared to males. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of bilateral low vision and blindness among the four ethnic groups, and urban and rural residents. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (39%) followed by retinal diseases (24%). Uncorrected refractive errors (48%) and cataract (36%) were the major causes of low vision. CONCLUSION: Malaysia has blindness and visual impairment rates that are comparable with other countries in the South East Asia region. However, cataract and uncorrected refractive errors, though readily treatable, are still the leading causes of blindness, suggesting the need for an evaluation on accessibility and availability of eye care services and barriers to eye care utilisation in the country.     

广东省斗门县农村白内障的调查

目的 调查广东省让县５０岁以上人群摧障患病率、白内障致盲率及白内障手术负荷量。方法 以村为基础,采取整群随机抽样法,抽取３６个基本抽样单位内的５７５９例５０岁以上的村民为调查对象。白内障患者定义为至少１只眼晶体混浊并致视力〈０．７者,其中双眼视力〈０．１者为白内障手术负荷量,双眼视力〈０．０５者为白内盲人。结果 ５７５９例中,受检率为９２．７６％,白内障患病率为２０．９３％,白内障致盲 率为１．５