Rotational biplanar Chevron osteotomy

IntroductionThe Chevron osteotomy is a reliable and popular osteotomy for treating hallux valgus worldwide. Many modifications have been described, but none of them address the rotational deformity of the first metatarsal. The objective of this study is to describe a variation of biplanar Chevron osteotomy which can address first metatarsal rotation when necessary.MethodsThe indications for the Rotational Biplanar Chevron Osteotomy (RBCO) are mild to moderate hallux valgus deformity associated with hallux pronation related to internal rotation of the first metatarsal bone. We describe a technique that uses a medial based wedge parallel to the plantar limb of the osteotomy in order to make the distal fragment free to correct rotation.ResultsThe more recent concern about hallux valgus surgery is the very interesting concept that this deformity really occurs in three different planes, and we may have mistreated the rotation component with our current techniques. Many authors have revisited many common techniques in order to adapt them to correct metatarsal pronation. To our best knowledge, this is the first paper to describe a modification of the Chevron osteotomy to address the rotation of the first metatarsal.ConclusionWe can conclude that the rotational biplanar Chevron osteotomy can be an useful tool in the treatment of mild hallux valgus associated with metatarsal pronation.     

Chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus.

The chevron osteotomy for realignment of the first metatarsal head in metatarsus primus varus deformity has been utilized at the Mayo Clinic since 1976 on 26 feet (18 patients). Follow-up evaluation disclosed excellent relief of pain, good cosmetic correction, and overall patient satisfaction. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated reduction in the angle between the phalanx and the metatarsal bone of the great toe as well as narrowing of the forefoot with a decreased angle between the first and the second metatarsal bones. The stability of the osteotomy, the technical ease, and the absence of secondary difficulties such as transfer metatarsalgia make this procedure preferable when osteotomy of the distal portion of the first metatarsal bone is used for correction of moderate deformity.     

Chevron osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus

Seventy-six chevron osteotomies with follow-up periods ranging from six months to eight years were reviewed. The majority of patients had pain over the bunion prior to operation, and 27 also presented with second metatarsalgia. After surgery there was a marked decrease of pain in the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and in 18 feet the second metatarsalgia was either eliminated or markedly decreased. Most patients were pleased with the appearance of the feet after surgery, but almost one-third of the women complained of difficulty in wearing high heels. The surgical technique is straightforward, but careful attention to detail is necessary to obtain a consistent and satisfactory result.     

Chevron osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus

Fifty patients who underwent 80 chevron osteotomies for symptomatic hallux valgus were re-examined and assessed 4 years and 7 months (average) after surgery. Forty-five of the patients were satisfied with the result of their surgery, three patients suffered recurrence of their deformity and two had continuance of their symptomatology. The major complications noted were intraoperative intra-articular fracture of the metatarsal head in five feet, loss of initial repair in three feet, and tilt of the distal fragment (metatarsal head) in two feet. The Chevron osteotomy is a relatively simple procedure that corrects the varus deformity of the first metatarsal, realigns the valgus orientation of the metatarsal head, corrects the hallux valgus deformity, and improves symptomatology.     

Chevron osteotomy versus scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus correction: A meta-analysis

BackgroundThis study intended to investigate the optimal surgical strategy in hallux valgus (HV), and to provide a basis for clinical treatment of HV.MethodsStudies related to chevron osteotomy and scarf osteotomy for HV were enrolled from online databases. Hallux valgus angle (HVA) was the main outcome variable. Enrolled studies included posttreatment data for intermetatarsal angle (IMA), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and complications. A random-effects model was applied for significant heterogeneity. Otherwise, a fixed-effects model was used. Heterogeneity was assessed with Q test and I² statistics. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger's test. Based on the influence of weighted mean difference values or odds ratios, a sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsFour studies including 384 subjects were evaluated to determine the optimal surgical strategy for HV. There was no statistically significant difference between chevron and scarf groups for HVA, IMA, AOFAS score, and complication rates. Sensitivity analysis showed good stability. The likelihood of publication bias was small.ConclusionThe effects of chevron osteotomy and scarf osteotomy for HV are comparable. Chevron osteotomy is less technically demanding.     

Chevron osteotomy of the first metatarsal for hallux valgus

A retrospective study of 50 chevron osteotomies evaluated subjective and objective functional and cosmetic results, which were in keeping with other reported studies--i.e. satisfactory subjective cosmesis in 98%; excellent or good pain relief in 84%; and satisfactory objective cosmesis in 84%. The correction of the 1st intermetatarsal angle averaged 3.3 degrees, and that of the metatarsophalangeal valgus averaged 15 degrees. Average active range of motion of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint was 60 degrees. Complications were generally mild and asymptomatic, and were usually iatrogenic. The findings of this study, together with information gained from a concomitant stress analysis, led to recommendations regarding operative technique.     

Chevron osteotomy in hallux valgus. Ten-year results of 112 cases

The Chevron osteotomy was described in 1976. There have, however, been only short- to mid-term follow-up reviews, often with small numbers of patients. We looked at 112 feet (73 patients) with a minimum follow-up of ten years following Chevron osteotomy with a distal soft-tissue procedure. Clinical evaluation was calculated using the hallux score of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). For 47 feet (30 patients), the results were compared with those from an interim follow-up of 5.6 years. The AOFAS-score improved from a pre-operative mean of 46.5 points to a mean of 88.8 points after a mean of 12.7 years. The first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) angle showed a mean pre-operative value of 27.6 degrees and was improved to 14.0 degrees. The first intermetatarsal (IM) angle improved from a pre-operative mean value of 13.8 degrees to 8.7 degrees. The mean pre-operative grade of sesamoid subluxation was 1.7 on a scale from 0 to 3 and improved to 1.2. Measured on a scale from 0 to 3, arthritis of the first MTP joint progressed from a mean of 0.8 to 1.7. Comparing the results in patients younger and older than 50 years, the Chevron osteotomy performed equally in both age groups. Analysing the subgroup of 47 feet with a post-operative follow-up of both 5.6 and 12.7 years, the AOFAS pain and the overall score showed a further improvement between both follow-up evaluations. The MTP angle, first IM angle and sesamoid position remained unchanged. The progression of arthritis of the first MTP joint between 5.6 and 12.7 years post-operatively was statistically significant. Only one patient required a revision procedure due to painful recurrence of the deformity. Excellent clinical results following Chevron osteotomy not only proved to be consistent, but showed further improvement over a longer follow-up period. The mean radiographic angles were constant without recurrence of the deformity. So far, the statistically significant progression of first MTP joint arthritis has not affected the clinical result, but this needs further observation.     

经皮Chevron截骨术治疗轻中度足拇外翻畸形

目的评估经皮Chevron截骨术治疗轻中度足拇外翻畸形的疗效。方法 2010年6月至2012年5月,采用经皮Chevron截骨术治疗24位(26例)轻中度足拇外翻患者。所有患者均为女性,平均年龄48岁,其中右足14例,左足12例。术前和末次随访时测量足拇外翻角、跖骨间角,并进行美国足踝骨科学会(AOFAS)前足评分。术前足拇外翻角20°~40°,跖骨间角小于20°,跖骨远端关节角小于10°。结果术后平均随访26.3个月,足拇外翻角由术前平均31.68°纠正至术后平均14.39°,跖骨间角由术前平均13.77°纠正至术后平均7.98°,AOFAS前足评分由术前平均59.26分改善至术后平均88.35分。术后4例出现内侧关节囊折叠缝合引起的刺激症状,4例出现螺钉尾端刺激症状,但无伤口感染、关节僵硬及跖骨头坏死等并发症发生。结论经皮Chevron截骨术中期随访结果较好,可有效治疗轻中度足拇外翻畸形。     

Chevron osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus: a long-term follow-up study

Seventy-six consecutive patients with 106 bunions were examined 6 years after chevron osteotomy. The feet were evaluated clinically and radiologically. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale (0–100) was used. The mean age of the patients was 46 years at time of operation. Ninety-six % of the operated patients were female. At 6 year follow-up, the hallux valgus angle was 17,9 degrees (range, 2–42 degrees) and the intermetatarsal angle was 10,5 degrees (range, 4–20 degrees). The change of the hallux valgus angle (compared to the preoperative X-ray picture) was 6,4 degrees (P<0,001, 95% confidence interval 4,0 to 8,7 degrees). The mean AOFAS score was 81 (±SD15). The study indicates that the long term results of chevron osteotomy are variable. The clinical evidence of effectiveness is still weak and there is an obvious need for randomized controlled trials in this field.     

改良Chevron 截骨术治疗中重度足拇外翻

目的:探讨第1跖骨远端改良Chevron截骨治疗中重度拇外翻的方法和临床疗效.方法:2015年1月至2019年1月采用改良Chevron截骨结合第1跖趾关节外侧软组织松解手术治疗28例(30足)中重度拇外翻患者,其中男2例(2足),女26例(28足);年龄35 ～74 (57.3±9.3)岁;左侧10足,右侧16足;双...     

改良Chevron截骨术联合Akin截骨术治疗足母中重度外翻的临床分析

目的 探究改良Chevron截骨术联合Akin截骨术治疗中重度足母外翻的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年1月我院收治的50例中重度足母外翻病人的临床资料,依据手术治疗方式的不同将其分为改良Chevron截骨治疗组（20例,36病足）和联合手术治疗组（30例,50病足,改良Chevron截骨术联合Akin截骨术）。应用美国足踝外科医师协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分系统评价患足功能,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评估两组病人患足疼痛情况,测量两组病人手术前后的足母外翻角（hallux valgus angle, HVA）和第1、2跖骨间角（inter-metatarsus angle, IMA）评价手术效果。结果 联合手术治疗组病人的术中出血量为（33.75±5.27） ml,手术时间为（55.14±12.89） min,均高于改良Chevron截骨治疗组［（12.88±4.75） ml,（27.67±10.12） min］,差异均有统计学意义（t=3.293,P=0.018;t=4.293,P=0.012）。联合手术治疗组术后1周、1个月、1年的VAS评分［（3.24±0.98）分、（2.17±0.45）分、（1.31±0.12）分］均优于改良Chevron截骨治疗组［（3.42±0.74）分、（2.57±0.36）分、（1.88±0.45）分］,差异均有统计学意义（t=2.267,P=0.028;t=2.991,P=0.017;t=2.542,P=0.021）。两组病人术后的HVA、IMA、AOFAS评分、满意度评分、AOFAS优良率比较,联合手术治疗组［12.67°±2.13°、8.31°±1.02°、（81.21±9.24）分、（91.67±4.12）分、88.8%］优于Chevron截骨治疗组［10.42°±3.52°、7.59°±1.33°、（62.22±6.42）分、（75.32±5.91）分、60.00%］,差异均有统计学意义（t=2.742,P=0.037;t=2.984,P=0.029;t=3.342,P=0.012;t=3.943,P=0.007;χ²=7.274,P=0.032）。结论 改良Chevron截骨术联合Akin截骨术治疗中重度足母外翻具有更好的术后效果,值得进一步推广应用。     

第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻

目的 :探讨第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法:自2015年6月至2017年6月,采用第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻32例(40足),其中男3例3足,女29例37足;年龄22～80岁,平均57.57岁;病程2～32年,平均14年;轻度9足,中度31足。术前患者合并拇囊炎,伴有第1跖趾关节周围疼痛并存在负重行走时疼痛加重。手术前后拍摄足负重正侧位片,比较拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),并采用美国足踝外科协会拇外翻评分(AOFAS)评价临床疗效。结果:32例患者获得了随访,时间12～24个月,平均15.2个月。术后切口均愈合良好,无感染、跖骨头坏死等并发症发生。术前HVA、IMA分别由(32.08±5.59)°、(11.63±2.24)°减小至术后12个月的(10.31±4.36)°、(5.02±2.34)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AOFAS评分由术前的56.75±6.42提高至术后12个月的88.80±3.99 (P0.05)。结论:第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻畸形可获得较好的临床效果,为拇外翻治疗提供了更多的选择。     

第1跖骨远端改良Chevron截骨治疗[足母]外翻

背景：[足母]外翻的手术治疗方式众多,传统Chevron有一定的手术操作局限性。目的：观察采用第1跖骨远端改良Chevron截骨治疗轻中度[足母]外翻的临床治疗效果。方法：2011年12月至2012年10月采用Chevron截骨对22例患者（28足）进行[足母]外翻矫正,记录患者术前、术后美国足踝外科医师协会评分（AOFAS）,术前、术后测量第1、2跖骨间角（IMA）和躅外翻角（HVA）变化以评估矫正程度,采用AOFAS前足评分和生活功能评分简表（SF．36）评估功能恢复情况。结果：22名患者术后平均随访时间13．36个月（8～18个月）,术前患者平均AOFAS评分（43．59±6．85）分,术后平均85．55±5．66分。术前患者平均SF．36量表评分（45．42±5．54）分,术后平均（83．23±8．81）分,两者术前、术后比较有显著统计学差异（P〈0．01）。IMA术前13．80°±1．67°,术后6．70°±1．51°（P〈0．01）;HVA术前平均29．30°±2．78°,术后7．47°±2．82。（P〈0．01）。结论：第1跖骨远端改良Chevron截骨治疗轻中度蹰外翻手术操作技术简便,临床效果满意。     

Fixation of Chevron trochanteric osteotomy with two wire loops in isolated acetabular component revision

The use of two wire loops for fixation of the trochanteric fragment after Chevron osteotomy in revision THA achieves stable fixation with minimal hardware.     

两种截骨术式治疗中重度拇外翻影像学效果与临床疗效的系统评价

目的：系统评价Chevron截骨术与Scarf截骨术治疗中重度拇外翻的影像学效果和临床疗效。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方期刊全文数据库（Wanfang Data）关于Chevron截骨术与Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻的随机对照研究（RCT）,检索时限从建库至2018年6月。由2名研究者独立按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献,评价纳入文献的偏倚风险和提取相关观察指标后,采用RevMan 5.3.5软件进行Meta分析。比较两种截骨术式术后拇外翻角（HVA）、1-2跖骨间角（IMA）、跖骨远端关节面固有角（DMAA）、美国骨科足踝外科协会评分（AOFAS）、术后切口并发症以及患者满意度。结果：最终纳入6篇随机对照研究文献,共507例（足）患者,92.5%的患者为中重度拇外翻,其中Chevron截骨术261例（足）,Scarf截骨术246例（足）。Meta分析结果显示：Chevron截骨术在矫正HVA方面优于Scarf截骨术[MD=-1.95,95% CI （-2.64,-1.27）,P<0.000 01]。而两种方法在IMA[MD=-0.42,95% CI （-1.04,0.21）,P=0.19],DMAA[MD=0.78,95% CI （-0.72,2.29）,P=0.31],AOFAS评分[MD=2.47,95% CI （-2.38,7.33）,P=0.32],术后切口并发症[RR=1.09,95% CI （0.54,2.20）,P=0.82],患者满意度[RR=1.00,95% CI （0.96,1.05）,P=0.92]方面比较差异无统计学意义。结论：Chevron截骨术操作简单、跖骨短缩少、创伤小,在治疗中重度拇外翻矫正HVA方面优于Scarf截骨术,在IMA、DMAA、AOFAS评分、并发症、患者满意度方面二者效果相似。     

Correction of metatarsus primus varus with the Chevron metatarsal osteotomy. An analysis of corrective factors

A trigonometric evaluation of the amount of correction of metatarsus primus varus obtainable via lateral displacement of the first metatarsal head in a Chevron osteotomy technique revealed that approximately 1 degree of correction may be obtained for each millimeter of lateral shift. This calculated correction was correlated with the actual correction obtained in ten feet. Narrowing of the metatarsal head associated with removal of the medial eminence was an additional corrective factor.     

The percutaneous learning curve of 3rd generation minimally-invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy (MICA)

BackgroundMinimally-invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy (MICA) represents the third-generation percutaneous hallux valgus surgery which is characterized by an extra-articular osteotomy, stable internal fixation and a high potential for correction. Compared to other percutaneous techniques of the foot, MICA is generally regarded as an advanced and demanding surgical procedure with a flat learning curve. The aim of this study is to analyze a single-surgeons experience with his first 50 consecutive MICA procedures.MethodsBetween May 2018 and February 2021, 50 consecutive MICA procedures performed by the author with the "K-wires-First technique" were prospectively analyzed focusing on surgery duration, number of fluoroscopies, correction results and surgery-associated complications. A modification of the original MICA technique as described by its inaugurators Redfern and Vernois allows the use of a standard-sized C-arm and aims to reduce revison rates and conversion to open surgery by placing the guidewires prior to performing the osteotomy.ResultsThe average surgery time for all MICA procedures was 46.8 min (SD 12.1, range 31–90 min). The average amount of fluoro shots required to perform MICA was n = 126.6 (SD 40.8, range 65–231). Comparing the preoperative and 6-week postoperative radiographs, the IMA decreased after MICA by a mean of 10.8° from 16.2° to 5.4° and the HVA by a mean of 22.1° from 30.6° to 8.5°. One case required intraoperative conversion to open hallux correction. There were 4 feet in three patients with secondary screw removal of the Chevron fixation due to prominent proximal screw tips.ConclusionsAlthough the learning curve of 3rd generation MICA is flat and requires specific training and intensive practice, the rate of complications is not elevated compared to other percutaneous hallux valgus techniques. Strict adherence to the principles of 3rd generation MICA with stable fixation and meticulous intraoperative control of each surgical step helps to reduce surgery-associated complications. The learning curve showed a continous improvement in regard to surgery time and use of fluoroscopy. After 40 procedures, the surgery time consistently dropped under 45 min and required less than 100 fluoro-shots. The modified surgical technique may help reduce Chevron screw mal-positioning when using large C-arm fluoroscopy for this procedure.     

3D打印技术制定个体化截骨角在拇外翻Chevron截骨矫形术中的应用

目的:探讨3D打印技术制定个体化截骨角在拇外翻Chevron截骨矫形术中的临床应用。方法:自2013年5月至2016年5月,采用Chevron截骨治疗轻中度拇外翻患者47例(66足),根据术前设计方案分为计算机截骨组(A组)和传统截骨组(B组)。其中A组25例(33足),男4例(5足),女21例(28足),平均年龄(47.88±6.08)岁,负重位跖骨间角(IMA)(13.58±1.15)°,术前AOFAS评分59.00±5.86,术前采用个性化3D打印技术设计操作方案,进行个体化截骨治疗;B组22例(33足),男3例(3足),女19例(30足),平均年龄(48.16±6.16)岁,负重位IMA(13.51±1.14)°,术前AOFAS评分60.67±5.85,术前仅参考负重位X线,根据手术经验截骨治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后1周VAS疼痛评分、创口愈合情况及术后负重位IMA的改善情况,并采用足踝外科评分系统(AOFAS)对术后足踝部功能进行评估。结果:A组随访时间为(12.41±2.32)个月与B组为(11.73±2.76)个月比较差异有统计学意义。B组1例术后失访排除,所有病例术后创口Ⅰ期愈合,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及术后1周VAS疼痛评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组术后IMA为(5.21±0.88)°,B组IMA为(6.42±0.85)°,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.68,P0.05)。A组AOFAS评分为88.15±5.19与B组为82.90±5.01比较差异有统计学意义;A组优14足,良19足;B组优5足,良27足;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用3D打印技术制定的个体化截骨方案治疗轻中度拇外翻,较传统经验制定手术方案能更好地纠正患者的IMA,改善术后足部功能,是一种个体化数字化的手术方案。