下颌骨模型精确度对种植体周围应力分布的影响

目的:在研究牙种植体植入下颌骨的三维有限元分析中,采用精确完整的下颌骨模型可获得可靠的结果,但是耗时耗力,且可能导致计算得不到收敛而失败,因此须在保证计算结果精度的前提下对模型进行简化。方法:本文基于CT数据,采用轮廓延伸法分别建立了切牙位、尖牙位、第二前磨牙位和第二磨牙位简化下颌骨模型,进行了三维有限元分析,其结果与这四种牙位下采用精确模型的计算结果进行了比较,对简化模型的适用性进行评价。结果:应力分布云图与应力分布路径图结果显示,采用简化模型与精确模型植入体周围骨应力分布特征相似,但是随着植入牙位远离精确部位约束部位,植入体周围骨应力最大值、植入体/骨界面应力分布与精确模型相比偏差越大,第二前磨牙位和第二磨牙位最大应力值偏差相对较小,为17%和21%,而切牙位为37%,尖牙位为58%。结论:因此,在对计算精度要求不高的情况下,第二前磨牙位和第二磨牙位采用简化模型是可行的,而切牙位和尖牙位则不适于采用简化模型。     

含多个种植体的无牙下颌骨三维有限元模型的建立

目的:旨在探讨一种建立含多个种植体无牙下颌骨三维有限元模型的方法,为下颌种植覆盖义齿中种植体位置的优化设计提供研究手段.方法:应用薄层CT扫描和CATlA建模软件,对层厚为1 mm的无牙下颌骨CT断层影像进行分析处理,结合ABAQUS三维有限元软件建立含4个标准ITI种植体的有限元模型.结果:所建立的模型精确且无损伤性,图形、图像和数据可重复使用,结构相似性好,可根据需要模拟相应的由4个种植体支持的覆盖义齿的应力分布情况.结论:CT扫描结合建模软件的应用,为三维有限元模型的建立提供了准确、简洁的方法,可用于相应的生物力学研究.     

微型种植体下颌骨三维有限元模型的建立

目的探索一种可行的建立包含微型种植体不同植入方向及角度的下颌骨三维有限元模型的方法,为支抗种植体相关研究提供模型支持。方法本文基于CT数据,采用CAD（Pro/E）及ANSYS软件,用轮廓延伸法建立简化下颌骨模型,模拟临床实际常用植入部位,建立微型种植体不同植入方向及角度的下颌骨三维有限元模型。结果建立了5个真实螺纹形态的微型种植体植入的下颌骨有限元模型。结论本实验建立的有限元模型的几何相似性、生物力学相似性及临床适应性均达到实验要求,为支抗种植体三维有限元分析提供了一种准确、灵活、快速的平台。     

下颌骨典型牙位圆柱状牙种植体周围骨应力分布的三维有限元分析

目的：生理加载下不同牙位种植体周围骨应力有明显差异，采用有限方法计算，其结果是种植体设计和临床使用的重要依据，但可靠性依赖于模型和加载条件的准确性。方法：本文基于下颌骨四个典型牙位的CT数据，结合各牙位咬舍关系的测量结果，建立了三维有限元模型，并对圆柱状种植体周围骨的应力分布进行有限元分析：结果：种植体沿长轴植入时。各牙位应力分布差异较大，颊、舌侧应力分布明显不对称，应力均主要集中在种植体颈部与牙槽骨界面顶端的舌侧，且舌侧极大值为颊侧的2～3倍：结论：在种植体一骨界面上的最大应力不超过20MPa的条件下，各牙位能承受的最大袷力分别为：第二磨牙100N、第二前磨牙300N、尖牙180N、中切牙120N。第二磨牙采用牙槽骨垂直方向植入时，可承受约250N的He力.     

含牙种植体下颌骨三维有限元模型的建立

目的:提出一种较快建立含牙种植体的下颌骨三维有限元模型的方法,为口腔生物力学的研究提供数学模型基础。方法:利用螺旋CT扫描,数字影像传输与转录以及UG软件相结合的办法建立含牙种植体的下颌骨三维有限元模型。结果:建成后的三维有限元模型与实体组织具有良好的几何相似性,模型可以根据需要进行旋转、缩放、透视、剖开等多种方式观察,可以提出组成模型的不同面和体来观察某一部分的情况,还可以根据不同的研究目的和要求删除和添加材料或组织,以及改变组织和材料的特性。结论:将CT扫描技术与有限元方法相结合,建立的三维有限元模型能较真实地模拟实际情况,为口腔生物力学的研究和临床种植设计提供了研究手段。     

种植牙即刻负重的生物力学的三维有限元分析

目的 用三维有限元的方法分析牙种植体不同角度即刻负重的骨界面应力分布规律.方法 选成人无牙下颌骨进行薄层螺旋CT扫描,将扫描图像导入通用外科手术集成系统,建立下颌骨三维网格模型.模拟标准的螺纹实心种植体,建立种植体一下颌骨即刻负重的三维有限元模型.以150 N的力轴向加载和分别10.、20.、30.侧向加载,应用ANS...     

上下颌骨及牙列三维有限元模型的建立

目的 利用计算机实现正常人部分上颌骨、下颌骨和上下牙列的三维实体造型，并生成有限元模型。方法 在多参数软件Pro/Engineering及Power Shape平台上，将通过CT断层扫描技术及层切法获得的颌骨及牙列的数据进行三维重建以及整体图像拟合，得到上下颌骨及牙列的三维实体模型。应用Ansys大型有限元分析软件建立上下牙列(包括部分上颌骨、完整下颌骨)及牙列缺损和相应修复后状况的三维有限元模型．并对┌5678缺失状态的不同修复方式进行了比较。结果 获得了上颌骨(部分)、下颌骨及上下牙列的三维实体模型，建立了上下牙列(包括部分上颌骨、完整下颌骨)及牙列缺损(肯氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类缺损)和相应修复后状况的三维有限元模型，并通过对┌5678缺失状态的修复方式的比较实验，验证了该模型的可靠性。结论 本实验建立的上下颌骨及牙列的三维实体模型及有限元模型具有较好的几何与力学相似性．由此证实该建模方式是切实可行的。     

下颌牙种植体即刻加载三维有限元模型的建立

目的:建立包含即刻加载螺纹种植体的下颌骨三维有限元模型,以深入研究牙种植体即刻加载骨界面的力学分布规律。方法:以女性无牙牙合下颌骨为标本,采用螺旋CT扫描,DICOM格式保存。将DICOM数据导入计算机,用自主开发的通用外科手术集成系统(UniversalSurgicalIntegrationSystem,USIS)和ANSYS软件进行划分单元建模,并模拟ITI螺纹种植体的真实形态,在下颌骨前牙区植入3颗种植体,模拟种植体即刻加载的状态,将种植体骨界面定义为滑动摩擦。结果:建立了结构精确的含即刻加载螺纹种植体的下颌骨三维有限元模型,牙种植体螺纹螺旋形态连续一致。结论:本实验建立的有限元模型的几何相似性、生物力学相似性及临床适应性均达到实验要求,为进一步研究牙种植体即刻加载的骨界面力学分布提供了良好的基础。     

下颌第一磨牙种植体周围应力三维有限元分析

目的　探讨精确的有限元分析(FEA)模型建立的方法,使FEA分析计算结果更加真实有效。方法　采用 下颌骨计算机断层扫描(CT)数据、通过计算机图像处理及计算机辅助设计(CAD)技术,获取精确的下颌骨第一磨 牙几何模型。应用FEA技术对圆柱状种植体周围骨内应力分布情况进行分析。结果　种植体周围应力分布具有 高度的非对称性,主要集中于下颌骨舌侧颈部,颊侧主要为拉应力作用,舌侧为压应力作用。结论　基于CT数据 建立的模型能更真实地反映下颌骨的结构特点,使FEA分析结果更趋于真实。     

密质骨厚度影响牙种植体稳定性的有限元固有频率分析

目的：用有限元方法研究密质骨厚度对牙种植体初期稳定性的影响。方法：建立牙种植体、局部下颌骨块三维有限元模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,分析不同密质骨厚度对种植体颊舌向、轴向一阶振动固有频率的影响。结果：随着密质骨厚度由缺如逐渐增加至3．0mm,种植体颊舌向、轴向振动的固有频率值均逐渐增加,其中颊舌向固有频率最大增幅达97．61％,而轴向固有频率最大值仅增加了11．06％。结论：种植体周密质骨厚度主要增加了种植体颊舌向稳定性,而对种植体轴向稳定性的增加有限。     

下颌骨形态对种植体-骨界面应力分布影响的研究

目的　模拟单个下颌磨牙缺失的种植修复 ,分析不同下颌骨形态对种植体 骨界面应力分布的影响。方法　采用三维有限元法 ,根据下颌骨测量资料建立不同颌骨截面形态的种植修复模型并进行分析。结果　不论垂直载荷或斜向载荷 ,不同颌骨形态模型骨界面应力分布规律及应力值差异均无显著性。其中Von Mises应力最大差异为 6 4% ,压应力最大差异为 2 8% ,拉应力最大差异为 6 2 %。结论　在有限元研究中将下颌骨形态简化为规则形态是合理的     

A three-dimensional finite element analysis of the stress distribution on morse taper implants surface

PurposeThis finite element analysis (FEA) compared stress distribution on external surface of different morse taper implants, varying implant bodies length and dimensions of metal-ceramic crowns in order to maintain the occlusal alignment.MethodsThree-dimensional finite element (FE) models were designed representing a posterior left side segment of the mandible: group 0, 3 implants of 11 mm length; group 1, implants of 13 mm, 11 mm and 5 mm length; group 2, 1 implant of 11 mm and 2 implants of 5 mm length; group 3, 3 implants of 5 mm length. The abutments heights were 3.5 mm for 13 mm and 11 mm implants (regular) and 0.8 mm for 5 mm implants (short). Evaluation was performed on a computer program (Ansys software), with oblique loads of 365 N for molars and 200 N for premolars, applied on ridges of cusps and grooves.ResultsAbutments with 0.8 mm height generated less von Mises stresses compared with 3.5 mm height. The use of short implants associated with bigger crowns concentrated higher stress distribution and stress values on the surface implants, principally on the vestibular side (oblique direction of the loads). The more distal implant concentrated higher stress.ConclusionsMoreover, these 5 mm implants were positioned at the cortical bone level, which has higher elastic modulus and may have influenced at the stress distribution. However, despite the higher stresses, these implants were well able to withstand the applied forces.     

Effects of overdenture attachment systems with different working principles on stress transmission: A three-dimensional finite element study

PURPOSEThe aim of the present study was to compare the stress distributions on the dental implants, abutments, and bone caused by different overdenture attachment types under functional chewing forces.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe 3D finite element models of the mandible, dental implants, attachment types, and prostheses were prepared. In accordance with a conventional dental implant supported overdenture design, the dental implants were positioned at the bone level in the canine teeth region bilaterally. A total of eight models using eight different attachment systems were used in this study. All the models were loaded to simulate chewing forces generated during the centric relationship (450 N), lateral movement (400 N), protrusive movement (400 N), and also in the presence of a food mass unilaterally (200 N). Stress outputs were obtained as the maximum principal stress and the equivalent von-Mises stress.RESULTSIn all attachment types, higher stress values were observed in the abutments, dental implants, and bone in the magnet attachments in different loading conditions. The highest stress values were observed among the magnet systems in the components of the Titanmagnetics model in all loading conditions (stresses were 15.4, 17.7, and 33.1 MPa on abutment, dental implant, and bone, respectively). The lowest stress value was observed in the models of Zest and O-Ring attachments.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study implied that attachment types permitting rotation and tolerating various angles created lower stresses on the bone, dental implants, and abutments.     

不同螺距种植体集中载荷的有限元分析

目的:用三维有限元方法分析不同螺距种植体-骨界面应力分布状况,确定利于应力均匀分布的最佳螺纹参数设计.方法:建立包含上部结构的牙种植体、局部下颌骨块三维有限元模型,利用Cosmos/works软件分析在垂直、斜向45° 2 种集中载荷下螺距分别为0.6、 0.8、 1.0 mm的3 种种植体与骨界面的应力分布状况.结果:螺距为0.8 mm种植体周围Von-Mises应力、拉应力、压应力峰值较小,应力分布最均匀;同一螺距种植体斜向载荷下应力显著高于垂直载荷;应力集中主要出现于种植体颈部、皮质骨上缘和种植体末端最下一个螺纹处.结论:螺纹种植体螺距影响骨界面的应力分布和(牙合)力传导,为避免应力集中种植体末端螺纹应进行适当的截齿处理,种植义齿设计和修复时应尽可能减小或避免非轴向力.     

种植体周围骨内应力分布的三维有限元分析

目的针对不同类型的牙槽骨科学地选用种植体,提高种植体临床疗效,延长使用寿命。方法采用三维有限元分析方法,将圆柱状、螺纹状和台阶状种植体分别植入4类骨质结构中,对此12种情况进行应力分析。结果在同种骨质模型中,圆柱状种植体颈部周围骨内的应力集中最小;就同种形态种植体而言,较低的骨质密度不利于种植体的应力分布。结论圆柱状是一种最有利于降低颈部骨质吸收的形态结构。螺纹状种植体周围骨内应力最大值大于圆柱状,而螺纹自身非力学优势极大的拓展了该型种植体的使用范围,但螺纹尖端处的高应力区域和螺纹之间的低应力区域是影响其长期使用效果的潜在不利因素。台阶状种植体相对较适合骨质好的情况,其根部出现局部高应力区域,若应力处于骨生理承受范围之内,将有利于减少根部骨质疏松。     

种植全口义齿的三维有限元分析--上部连接设计对应力的影响

目的：分析选用不同上部连接设计时种植全口义齿及其支持组织的应力状况以指导临床设计。方法：用三维有限元法研究螺丝固定结构与球帽附着结构对种植体全口义齿应力状况的影响。结果：采用螺丝固定结构较采用球帽附着结构者,义齿的种植体骨界面应力高出６１％,基托应力高出２１８％,种植体本身应力及人造牙列应力变化不大。结论：球帽附着结构较螺丝固定结构能显著降低种植体骨界面应力和义齿基托应力,利于义齿坚固耐用和支持组织健康。     

Stress analysis and factor of safety in three dental implant systems by finite element analysis

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution and the factor of safety of three dental implant systems using the finite element method.Materials and methodsThree commercial dental implant systems were designed using Solid Works 2020 software: Model A with an internal octagonal connection and matching platform, Model B with an internal hexagon connection and switching platform, and Model C with an internal 15° conical-cylindrical connection and switching platform. A 200 N load was applied to each design in both axial and 30° oblique directions using the finite element method.ResultsIn the three dental implant systems, the maximum von Mises stress was concentrated at the cervical level of the bone-implant interface in all models. Model C showed lower maximum stress values in both axial and 30° oblique loads. The highest maximum stress value was observed with the application of the oblique load in all the study models, and the factor of safety was less than one in Model A when subjected to a 200 N oblique load.ConclusionThe switching platform models generated lower maximum stress values and a factor of safety higher than one which is considered an acceptable value.Clinical relevance: A dental implant system with an internal hexagon or conical connection and a switching platform generates lower maximum von Mises stress values both on the implant components and on the peri-implant tissues.     

Comparative finite element analysis of mandibular posterior single zirconia and titanium implants: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis

PURPOSEZirconia has exceptional biocompatibility and good mechanical properties in clinical situations. However, finite element analysis (FEA) studies on the biomechanical stability of two-piece zirconia implant systems are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of the two-piece zirconia and titanium implants using FEA.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo groups of finite element (FE) models, the zirconia (Zircon) and titanium (Titan) models, were generated for the exam. Oblique (175 N) and vertical (175 N) loads were applied to the FE model generated for FEA simulation, and the stress levels and distributions were investigated.RESULTSIn oblique loading, von Mises stress values were the highest in the abutment of the Zircon model. The von Mises stress values of the Titan model for the abutment screw and implant fixture were slightly higher than those of the Zircon model. Minimum principal stress in the cortical bone was higher in the Titan model than Zircon model under oblique and vertical loading. Under both vertical and oblique loads, stress concentrations in the implant components and bone occurred in the same area. Because the material itself has high stiffness and elastic modulus, the Zircon model exhibited a higher von Mises stress value in the abutments than the Titan model, but at a level lower than the fracture strength of the material.CONCLUSIONOwing to the good esthetics and stress controllability of the Zircon model, it can be considered for clinical use.     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of buccally cantilevered implant-supported prostheses in a severely resorbed mandible

PURPOSEThe aim of the study was to compare the lingualized implant placement creating a buccal cantilever with prosthetic-driven implant placement exhibiting excessive crown-to-implant ratio.MATERIALS AND METHODSBased on patient''s CT scan data, two finite element models were created. Both models were composed of the severely resorbed posterior mandible with first premolar and second molar and missing second premolar and first molar, a two-unit prosthesis supported by two implants. The differences were in implants position and crown-to-implant ratio; lingualized implants creating lingually overcontoured prosthesis (Model CP2) and prosthetic-driven implants creatingan excessive crown-to-implant ratio (Model PD2). A screw preload of 466.4 N and a buccal occlusal load of 262 N were applied. The contacts between the implant components were set to a frictional contact with a friction coefficient of 0.3. The maximum von Mises stress and strain and maximum equivalent plastic strain were analyzed and compared, as well as volumes of the materials under specified stress and strain ranges.RESULTSThe results revealed that the highest maximum von Mises stress in each model was 1091 MPa for CP2 and 1085 MPa for PD2. In the cortical bone, CP2 showed a lower peak stress and a similar peak strain. Besides, volume calculation confirmed that CP2 presented lower volumes undergoing stress and strain. The stresses in implant components were slightly lower in value in PD2. However, CP2 exhibited a noticeably higher plastic strain.CONCLUSIONProsthetic-driven implant placement might biomechanically be more advantageous than bone quantity-based implant placement that creates a buccal cantilever.