脑缺血大鼠海马超微结构的形态定量研究

对大鼠双侧颈总动脉夹闭2小时,经透射电镜观察海马,用Weibel氏形态定量法分别测量了海马1区和3区的线粒体和突触的表面积密度(Svi)、表面积—体积比(Si/Vi),并与对照组进行了比较。结果表明:缺血时海马1区受损较严重,表现为线粒体体积缩小,数量减少,Svi下降;突触数量有增多的趋势,但突触的Svi与Si/Vi变化不明显。缺血组海马3区受损较轻,线粒体和突触的结构基本正常,其Svi、Si/Vi与对照组差别不显著,提示了3区对缺血有较强的耐受性。     

苯丙胺对大鼠海马突触素表达和突触结构的影响

目的探讨苯丙胺对大鼠海马突触素(SYN)蛋白质表达及突触结构的影响。方法将72只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、生理盐水组和苯丙胺组。用Western blotting检测大鼠海马结构内突触素表达的变化、用透射电镜观察大鼠海马CA3区突触的形态结构的变化。结果①苯丙胺组大鼠28d、42d的SYN相对表达量较对照组和生理盐水组相应时间明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);苯丙胺组42d的SYN相对表达量较14d明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。②发现苯丙胺组大鼠较对照组的突触结构模糊、突触前后膜增厚,边界模糊,髓鞘出现松散分离样变。结论每天给大鼠肌注0.5mg/kg苯丙胺,28d出现海马结构突触素表达明显减少、海马CA3区突触结构明显损害;42d上述各项损害明显加重。     

酒精对小鼠海马突触结构影响的电镜定量研究

目的　通过定量分析饮酒后小鼠海马内突触结构的形态参数变化 ,探讨酒精对脑形态和功能的影响。方法　选用 18只 2 0～ 30g昆明小鼠 ,随机均分为A、B、C组。三组动物分别以纯水、5 %酒精、10 %酒精为唯一饮料连续喂养 6 0d后 ,应用透射电镜及图象分析方法观察并测定海马CA1区突触结构的形态参数。结果　与A组相比较 ,B、C组突触结构的突触后膜致密物质厚度、突触活性区长度及突触间隙宽度均显著性变小。其中C组与B组相比 ,C组的突触间隙宽度明显变小 ,且有显著性差异 ,而突触后膜致密物质厚度和突触活性区长度无显著性差异。结论　酒精可以引起突触的可塑性变化 ;酒精通过改变突触结构的形态而影响神经冲动的传递功能及动物的学习记忆。     

人参皂甙对老龄大鼠海马CA3区神经元超微结构影响的定性,定量研究

应用透射电镜技术结合图像分析观察了老龄大鼠海马ＣＡ３区神经元超微结构的改变，并对比观察了人参皂甙对超微结构的影响，结果表明：老龄组社会脂褐素数量比青年组增加６倍，面积增加９倍；而给药组脂褐素数量比老龄 组减少，面积减少３１％。     

人参总皂甙对小鼠造血细胞增殖的影响

应用ＭＴＴ比色分析法证实,人参总皂甙在一定浓度内能促进小鼠骨髓造血细胞的增殖。应用流式细胞术的研究提示,人参总皂甙能促进骨髓造血细胞进入细胞增殖周期。造血祖细胞体外培养的研究表明,人参总皂甙能促进小鼠多种造血祖细胞的集落形成。综述上研究结果提示,人参总皂甙可能通过促进髓造血细胞进入细胞增殖周期以及促进造血祖细胞增殖等途径。刺激血细胞的生成,进而发挥其临床“补气生血”作用。     

老年学习记忆减退大鼠齿状回突触的定量研究

据老年大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫中的行为表现，将其分为老年学习记忆减退和学习记忆正常两部分，采用透射电镜观察、拍片，对齿状回中分子层触的数量和大小进行体视学定量分析。     

人参总皂甙诱导造血生长因子生成的实验研究

为探讨人参“补气生血”的现代生物学机理，采用造血祖细胞体外培养，造血生长因子生物活性检测等技术，研究人参总皂甙（ＴＳＰＧ）对造血生长因子的诱导生成作用。结果表明，经ＴＳＰＧ诱导分别制备的脾细胞、巨噬细胞、成纤维细胞和骨髓基质细胞的培养上清对髓系造血祖细胞（ＢＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ）的体外集落增殖均有显著刺激作用。ＴＳＰＧ也能促进脾细胞、成纤维细胞和巨噬细胞分泌ＩＬ－６；刺激脾细胞产生     

人参总皂甙对小鼠红系造血的影响

人参为中医临床补气要药。人参总皂甙（TSPG）为人参主要有效成份。本应用造血细胞体外培养技术，研究其对小鼠红系血发生的影响，结果提示：TSPG能明显刺激小鼠BFU－E和CFU－E的增殖和分化。根据本实验室工作和其它学的工作，我们推测：人参“补气生血”机理可能系直接和／或间接地通过作用于多能造血干细胞、造血祖细胞、造血微环境和内分泌系统，调控造血活动。     

血管性痴呆大鼠海马突触结构参数的变化

目的 :观察血管性痴呆大鼠海马突触结构特点 ,探讨血管性痴呆学习记忆障碍的神经病理机制。方法 :采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉的方法建立血管性痴呆动物模型 ,利用Morris水迷宫和Y型电迷宫检验大鼠的学习记忆能力 ,应用透射电镜和形态计量学分析血管性痴呆大鼠海马GrayⅠ型突触的突触结构参数的变化。结果 :血管性痴呆大鼠海马CA1区GrayⅠ型突触的体积密度、面积密度、比表面和面数密度均减小 ,突触平均面积增大 ;突触界面曲率、突触间隙宽度、突触后致密物厚度均减小。结论 :永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉使大鼠海马CA1区GrayⅠ型突触数量减少和形态结构发生显著变化 ,导致学习记忆障碍     

人参总皂甙对造血生长因子产生的影响

本文应用造血祖细胞体外培养术和白细胞介素（ＩＬ）生物活性检测术，观察经人参总皂甙（ＴＳＰＧ）刺激的小鼠脾细胞、腹腔巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞培养上清液的集落刺激因子（ＣＳＦ）、ＩＬ－２和ＩＬ－６生物活性。结果表明：ＴＳＰＧ刺激组的ＣＳＦ和ＩＬ－６活性均显著高于对照组，ＴＳＰＧ刺激的脾细胞培养上清液的ＩＬ－２活性明显高于对照组，而ＴＳＰＧ刺激的巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞培养上清液的ＩＬ－２活性与对照组无显著性差     

应激对模拟高原低压低氧环境下大鼠海马单胺递质的影响

目的:探讨心理和生理应激对模拟高原低压低氧环境下大鼠海马单胺递质含量的影响。方法:用旁观电击的方法建立大鼠心理和生理应激模型。低氧处置为将大鼠置于模拟海拔6000m的低压舱内24小时。比较不同方式和强度的应激对低压低氧性环境下大鼠海马细胞外液中去甲肾上腺素(NE),多巴胺(DA),高香草酸(HVA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量的影响。用高效液相色谱-电化学法检测其中的单胺递质的含量。结果:(1)低氧组大鼠海马细胞外液中NE含量低于正常对照组(813.8±196.1/1209.2±282.0,P<0.01);心理性(应激2次 低氧组:906.0±227.6,应激4次 低氧组:1103.7±270.6)和生理性(应激2次 低氧组990.3±93.7,应激4次 低氧组:610.8±104.1)应激 低氧组大鼠海马NE含量均高于低氧环境下(813.8±196.1)大鼠(P<0.05)。(2)低氧组大鼠海马细胞外液中5-HT含量高于正常对照组(82.7±23.4/52.3±27.9,P<0.05);生理应激2次 低氧组5-HT含量高于低氧组(134.2±51.5/82.7±23.3),生理应激4次 低氧组5-HT含量则低于低氧组(41.9±13.4/82.7±23.4,P<0.05)。结论:不同方式和强度的应激对低压低氧环境下大鼠海马单胺递质的影响存在差异。     

大鼠离体海马脑片缺氧耐受性的研究

电刺激大鼠海马脑片的Schaffer氏侧支,记录CA_1区锥体细胞层的细胞外场电位,即群锋电位(PS),观察74个脑片在缺氧后的变化。当浴槽内氮气流速为150ml/min时,PS开始减小时间与完全消失时间分别为3.60±1.01min(均值±标准差)及4.90±1.21min。缺氧10、15、18、20min后再次给氧,PS恢复率分别是85.7、64.3、22.2、17.6％,由此推算50％脑片不能恢复的缺氧时间为15.9min。以上指标可作为脑片缺氧耐受性的可比指标,文中讨论了处理双孔浴槽实验结果时应注意的问题。     

Postresuscitation Changes in Neuronal Hippocampal Populations in Rats with Different Learning Ability

The state of pyramidal cell populations in CA1 and CA4 hippocampal fields was studied in resuscitated and intact rats with different learning ability. Morphometry showed that postresuscitation damage to neurons was more pronounced in good learners compared to poor learners. Interferometry revealed higher protein content in neurons in poor learners compared to successfully trained rats. It was hypothesized that different neuronal resistance to ischemia in rats characterized by different learning ability is determined by some peculiarities in protein metabolism preexisting in intact animals and manifesting in the postresuscitation period.     

人参皂苷对大鼠海马齿状回神经元突触传递功效及记忆行为的关系

人参皂甙可长时间显著提高大鼠海马齿状回颗粒细胞层PS的幅度,缩短其起始和蜂潜伏期,引起LTP现象。同时,促进大鼠的记忆能力。用APV阻滞NMDA受体或用多粘菌素B抑制PKC分别阻断或抑制人参皂甙诱发的LTP现象后,人参皂甙促进记忆效应也消失。说明人参皂甙促进记忆的神经机理之一是提高海马齿状回颗粒细胞层突触传递功效。PKC和NMDA受体是其作用的重要环节。     

The Effects of Glutamate on Spontaneous Acetylcholine Secretion Processes in the Rat Neuromuscular Synapse

Experiments on rat diaphragm muscles showed that glutamate (10 M – 1 mM) had no effect on the mean frequency, interspike intervals, and amplitude-time characteristics of miniature endplate potentials, but had a suppressive action on non-quantum secretion (the intensity of which was assessed in terms of the H effect). The effect of glutamate was markedly concentration-dependent and was completely overcome by blockade of NMDA receptors, inhibition of NO synthase, and by binding of NO molecules in the extracellular space by hemoglobin. It is suggested that glutamate can modulate the non-quantum release of acetylcholine, initiating the synthesis of NO molecules in muscle fibers via activation of NMDA receptors followed by the retrograde action of NO on nerve terminals.     

Pyroglutamyl-Asparagine Amide Normalizes Long-Term Potentiation in Rat Hippocampal Slices

Preapplication of peptide piracetam analogue pyroglutamyl-asparagine amide to rat hippocampal slices facilitates long-term potentiation of focal responses in the CA1 field after weak tetanization of the synaptic input (30 pulses, 100 Hz). This treatment normalized the development of long-term potentiation after standard tetanization (100 pulses, 100 Hz) impaired by ethanol.     

Effects of Advanced Age on the Morphometry and Degenerative State of the Cervical Spine in a Rat Model

Aging causes changes in the geometry of the human cervical spine that may influence the tissue response to applied loads. Rat models are often used to study spinal cord injuries (SCI) and have the potential to enhance our understanding of the effect of age on SCI. The goal of this study was to characterize the morphometry and degenerative state of the cervical spine in Fisher 344 rats, and to determine the influence of age on these variables. Fifteen rats were split into three age groups: young adult (3 months of age), aged (12–18 months) and geriatric (30 months). Following tissue harvest we used a μCT scanner to image the cervical and upper thoracic spine from each specimen. Analysis software was used to measure variables including canal pinch diameter (the most rostral point on the dorsal aspect of a vertebral body to the most caudal aspect of the lamina on the immediately rostral vertebra), vertebral canal depth, width, and area, vertebral body height, depth, width, and area, and intervertebral disc thickness. Orthopaedic surgeons used midsagittal images to rate the degenerative state of the intervertebral discs. For all measures except disc thickness there was a significant increase (mean (SD) = 15.0 (9.7)%) for the aged compared to young specimens (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the aged and geriatric specimens for only vertebral body depth (P = 0.016) and area (P = 0.020). Intervertebral disc degeneration was significantly greater on the ventral aspect of the spinal column (P < 0.001), with a trend toward increased degeneration in the geriatric specimens (P = 0.069). The results suggest that age‐related morphometric differences may need to be accounted for in experimental aging models of SCI in rats. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Study of Proximal Femoral Morphometry by Radiography and its Correlation with Body Mass Index

Body mass index and different morphometry indices of proximal femur are important determinants of fracture neck femur which is considered to be a health burden of our society. In this study fifty people aged more than fifty years were selected randomly after interview and examination. Morphometric measurements were performed on the skiagrams at the left side. Base line values like age, weight, height were recorded and BMI was calculated. Correlation between different morphometric indices of proximal femur and BMI was determined after statistical analysis with Epi-info 3.5.1. For weight and height, moderate to poor correlation was obtained with femoral morphometric indices. Strong to moderate correlation was seen between BMI and indices. Good correlation was also seen for sex with morphometry except neck shaft angle and intertrochanteric length.     

无镁液灌流大鼠海马脑片自发性癫痫样放电的药物敏感性

用常规海马脑片实验方法：撤除人工脑脊液中的Ｍｇ＾２＋、０．５ｈ内ＣＡ１区出现自发性痫样放电,１ｈ内于稳定,约１／３脑片波幅可稳定２ｈ左右,但放电频率呈缓慢增加,无Ｍｇ＾２＋灌流后１￣３ｈ间可以观察抗痫药的作用。苯妥英钠（ＰＨＴ）１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,氨甲酰氮卓（ＣＢＺ）１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,安定（ＤＺＰ）３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,苯巴双妥钠（ＰＢ）１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,丙戊酸钠（ＶＰＡ）１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ及乙琥胺