酒精对小鼠海马突触结构影响的电镜定量研究

目的　通过定量分析饮酒后小鼠海马内突触结构的形态参数变化 ,探讨酒精对脑形态和功能的影响。方法　选用 18只 2 0～ 30g昆明小鼠 ,随机均分为A、B、C组。三组动物分别以纯水、5 %酒精、10 %酒精为唯一饮料连续喂养 6 0d后 ,应用透射电镜及图象分析方法观察并测定海马CA1区突触结构的形态参数。结果　与A组相比较 ,B、C组突触结构的突触后膜致密物质厚度、突触活性区长度及突触间隙宽度均显著性变小。其中C组与B组相比 ,C组的突触间隙宽度明显变小 ,且有显著性差异 ,而突触后膜致密物质厚度和突触活性区长度无显著性差异。结论　酒精可以引起突触的可塑性变化 ;酒精通过改变突触结构的形态而影响神经冲动的传递功能及动物的学习记忆。

The changes of synaptic structural parameters of hippocampus in chronic ethanol treated mice-Electron microscope quantitative study

Objective To study the synaptic structural parameters of hippocampus in chronic ethanol treated mice. Method 18 mice(20～30g) were divided into three groups,use pure water,5% ethanol and 10% ethanol as absolute beverage to breed the three groups mice. 60 days later,the synaptic structural parameters of hippocampal CA 1 area were observed,measured and analyzed by trans electron microscopy and image analysis instruments. Results The thickness of postsynaptic density(PSD),the width of synaptic cleft(SC) and the length of synaptic active zone(SAZ) were remarkably decreased in both chronic ethanol treated groups. Furthermore,compared with that of the 5% ethanol group,the width of SC was significantly decreased,while the thickness of PSD and the length of SAZ didnt obviously change in the 10% ethanol group. Conclusion ethanol could cause synapse to be plastic changing and could affect the transportation of nervous impulse,learning and memory of brain.