Fragment-specific fixation of distal radius fractures using the Trimed device

Fragment-specific fixation of the distal radius represents a new technique for addressing complex distal radius fractures. It signifies a substantial shift in the thought process of open reduction and internal fixation; each fracture fragment is addressed independently with small plates or wire forms, allowing comminuted fractures to be anatomically restored and early motion started. Although the system is at first daunting, its modularity provides flexibility for the surgeon to modify the fixation to the individual needs of the patient's specific fracture pattern and the surgeon's level of expertise. Once the technique has been learned, the surgeon will have in his or her armamentarium a powerful new tool to treat fractures that had before been difficult to address satisfactorily with conventional techniques.     

锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的 总结应用锁定加压接骨板（locking compression plate，LCP）治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法 对23例桡骨远端骨折（按AO桡骨远端骨折分类：属A2型4例，A3型3例，B1型2例，B3型2例，C1型7例，C2型2例，C3型3例）的患者，应用锁定加压接骨板行内固定治疗，术后进行早期功能锻炼。结果 术后随访4～25个月，采用腕关节功能及X线片测量指标进行综合评定：优13例，良8例，差2例，优良率达91．2％。结论 采用LCP治疗桡骨远端骨折，具有良好的手术效果，但同时需强调微创技术。     

Combined internal and external fixation of distal radius fractures

Combined internal and external fixation of distal radius fractures is used most commonly to treat injuries with joint surface or metaphyseal comminution. External fixation aids reduction intraoperatively and facilitates arthroscopic, per-cutaneous, or open manipulation of the fracture.Internal fixation maintains precise reduction of critical anatomy, principally the contour and orientation of the articular surface. Postoperatively the fixator functions as a neutralization device, preventing fracture collapse and decreasing the biomechanical demands on the internal fixation hardware. The combined technique exploits the benefits of both forms of fixation, allowing each to be used to full advantage in the treatment of complex distal radius fractures.     

T形锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的探讨T形锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法对21例按AO分类为B型和C型的桡骨远端骨折患者,应用T形锁定加压接骨板进行内固定治疗。结果19例获得随访,时间4～10（6.5±1.9）个月。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间6～12（7.4±1.3）周。根据改良Mcbride腕关节功能评价标准：优12例,良5例,差2例。结论采用T形锁定加压接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折具有固定可靠,尤其对不稳定的骨折患者具有良好的治疗效果,并有利于患肢早期的功能锻炼。     

Open reduction and internal fixation for distal radius fractures.

From a series of 650 dorsally angulated fractures of the distal radius, 32 intra-articular fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The 32 fractures were classified according to the Frykman criteria as type VII (5) or type VIII (27). On the basis of the location of intra-articular involvement, the fractures were further subdivided into Mayo type II (4), type III (18), and type IV (10). Results were analyzed by the methods of Gartland and Werley (functional) and Lidstr?m (radiographic). After open reduction and internal fixation, 90% of the patients had satisfactory results on the basis of the subjective criteria of minimal deformity, absence of pain, and good strength. Objective assessment demonstrated that the patients had 80% of normal motion and 73% of normal grip strength at a minimum of 2 years after the operation. On the basis of radiographic and functional evaluation, results were good to excellent in 87%. When intra-articular step-off exceeded 2 mm or the radius was shortened more than 5 mm, the results were only fair and posttraumatic arthritis was evident.     

两种固定方式治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的比较

[目的]比较组合式外固定架与掌侧锁定钢板内固定治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2013年1月～2018年1月诊治的68例老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折,其中采用闭合手法复位组合式外固定架治疗38例(外固定组),采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗30例(内固定组)。比较两组围手术期、随访与影像资料。[结果] 68例患者均顺利完成手术。外固定组在手术时间、术中失血量、切口总长度和住院时间方面均显著优于内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但外固定组术中透视次数显著多于内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。68例均获得随访,随访时间(14.37±1.85)个月。末次随访时两组患者ROM和Gartland-Werley评分的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。影像方面:两组患者随术后时间推移,掌倾角、尺偏角均有轻度丢失,但不同时间点间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);外固定组桡骨茎突高度的丢失不同时间点的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而内固定组桡骨茎突高度的丢失差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3、6和12个月时,外固定组的桡骨茎突高度均显著大于内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]组合式外固定架治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折操作简单、固定可靠,可同时兼顾对功能与解剖角度的恢复,尤其对于桡骨高度的恢复具有明显临床优势。     

Mid-term functional outcome after the internal fixation of distal radius fractures

Background  

Distal radius fracture is a common injury with a variety of operative and non-operative management options. There remains debate as to the optimal treatment for a given patient and fracture. Despite the popularity of volar locking plate fixation, there are few large cohort or long term follow up studies to justify this modality. Our aim was to report the functional outcome of a large number of patients at a significant follow up time after fixation of their distal radius with a volar locking plate.     

External fixation of distal radius fractures

Fractures of the distal radius are the most common fractures that occur in patients between ages 15 and 75 years. Many methods for treating displaced distal radius fractures are available. All forms of treatment involve obtaining fracture reduction, which may then be maintained by casting, functional bracing, external fixation, percutaneous pinning, internal fixation, or a combination of these methods. This article discusses the indications and technique of fracture treatment with external fixation and, when required, adjuvant percutaneous pins.     

External fixation of distal radius fractures

External fixation has been used for the treatment of distal radius fractures for more than 50 years. Although the fixator configurations have undergone considerable modification over time, the type of fixator itself is not as important as the underlying principles that provide the foundation for external fixation. Although volar plate fixation is currently in vogue, the indications for external fixation remain largely unchanged. Newer fixator designs have also expanded the traditional usage to include nonbridging applications that allow early wrist motion. The following discussion focuses on the myriad uses for external fixation as well as the shortcomings and potential pitfalls.     

有限内固定加外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨有限内固定加外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用有限内固定加外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折45例。结果 42例患者获得随访,时间3～36个月。按Lidstrom评分系统行影像学评价:优30例,良7例,中5例,优良率为88.09%;依据Dienst标准评价腕关节功能:优30例,良8例,中4例,优良率为90.47%。无严重并发症发生。结论有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折,复位满意,操作简单,固定牢固,疗效满意。     

桡骨远端不稳定骨折掌侧或背侧内固定的选择

目的 探讨T型钢板在治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折中的应用及对治疗效果的影响。方法 根据桡骨远端不稳定骨折的特点,就不同类型骨折分别采用T型钢板掌侧或背侧固定,对于骨皮质破坏较严重,支撑不满意的病例,通过植入人工骨或自体骨来恢复局部的稳定性。结果 本组64例病例,经手术复位,纠正畸形满意,术后2～3d开始指导下的功能训练。平均随访时间29．63个月,总体优良率达90．77％。其中,55侧行掌侧固定(其中30侧为桡骨远端骨折向背侧移位),优良率达92．72％;伤后6周以上陈旧骨折或损伤情况估计从掌侧入路有困难的患者,采用背侧入路钢板固定,优良率为77．77％。结论 桡骨远端骨折向掌侧移位的病例,掌侧入路是理想的方式,对于向背侧移位的病例(Colles骨折),同样也具有良好的手术效果。桡骨远端掌侧切口治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折具有：骨床平坦,易操作,符合张力带原则,软组织破坏相对较少,维持背侧软组织合页的完整性,植骨不易外漏等优点。掌侧入路钢板固定对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折的治疗效果是满意的,特别是对新鲜骨折;陈旧骨折在6周以内有条件仍可从掌侧入路,并疗效满意。背侧入路钢板固定,治疗效果稍差,背侧截骨后植骨的患者,对功能恢复有一定影响。     

经皮穿针内固定治疗桡骨远端陈旧骨折

桡骨远端陈旧骨折一般需要采用切开复位内固定治疗，才能恢复正常的解剖关系，自2003年2月至2007年3月采用经皮穿针内固定治疗桡骨远端陈旧骨折48例，总结如下。     

克氏针有限内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的探讨克氏针有限内固定技术治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床意义。方法对我院于1999年4月～2003年1月期间收治的76例桡骨远端骨折患者熏采用经皮克氏针有限内固定技术熏辅以前臂石膏托短期外固定治疗。结果随访5～25个月(平均10个月),骨折全部愈合且无感染。采用改良GartlandandWerley穴GW雪评分系统对腕部进行功能评定,疗效优59例熏良11例熏可4例,差2例,总优良率92.1%。结论克氏针有限内固定技术治疗桡骨远端骨折熏操作简便熏创伤小熏固定可靠熏并发症少熏适于基层医院推广应用。     

Volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures

Volar fixed angle fixation may be considered as the beginning of a new era in restoring wrist function to patients with dorsally displaced distal radius fractures even in the face of comminuted or osteopenic bone. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the wrist is a prerequisite when volarly approaching dorsally displaced distal radius fractures. The demonstration of the device theoretical and practical advantages requires an appreciation of the basics of working length, principles of plate stability, and the effect of cantilever bending. Volar fixed angle fixation successfully improves wrist function and significantly prevents the complications of the dorsal approach previously intractable to treatment. The current advantages, indications, clinical results, and complications of this new technology are being reviewed.     

微创内固定加外固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨微创内固定加外固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的方法及临床疗效。方法对44例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的患者，应用微创内固定加外固定的方法进行治疗。骨折按AO／ASIF分型属A3型11例、C1型7例、C2型12例、C3型14例，均为闭合性损伤。结果术后随访1～2年，平均1．3年。44例腕部骨折均获得愈合，平均愈合时间为7．3周，骨折对位良好，腕关节功能完全恢复或大部分恢复，按Dienst功能评估标准进行综合评定：优15例，良25例，可4例。结论微创内固定加外固定术操作简单，创伤小，并发症少，是治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的理想方法。     

Open reduction and internal locked fixation of unstable distal ulna fractures with concomitant distal radius fracture

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results following locking plate fixation of unstable distal ulna fractures with concomitant distal radius fracture. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted to identify patients who had been treated with a locking plate for unstable displaced fractures of the distal ulna in which a concomitant ipsilateral distal radius fracture was also treated operatively. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed, and 5 patients were identified with an average age of 52 years (range, 47-61 years) and with follow-up averaging 11.6 months (range, 6-17 months). There were 2 open and 3 closed fractures. Included was 1 simple neck, 1 comminuted neck, 1 head, and 2 head and neck fractures of the distal ulna. All distal radius fracture implants were locked volar plates. RESULTS: All distal ulna and distal radius fractures united, and the average motion was: flexion 59 degrees ; extension 59 degrees ; pronation 67 degrees ; and supination 72 degrees . Average grip strength was 97% of the opposite extremity. Final ulnar variance averaged -0.4 mm (ulnar negative), radial inclination was 20 degrees , and volar tilt was 8 degrees . All distal radioulnar joints were stable. Two patients had mild, transient paresthesias of the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve, and both patients recovered completely within 3 months. There were no subsequent surgeries or hardware failures. There were no infections and no wound problems. Based upon the Sarmiento modification of the Gartland and Werley rating score, there were 4 excellent results and 1 good result. CONCLUSIONS: Locked plating of unstable distal ulna fractures, in the setting of an associated distal radius fracture, resulted in union, good to excellent alignment and motion, nearly symmetric grip strength, and minimal transient morbidity.     

Dorsal nail plate fixation of distal radius fractures

Intramedullary fixation of distal radius fractures is an emerging concept. The Dorsal Nail Plate is a new device that links a specifically designed stem to a small distal plate; bone fixation is supported by fixed-angle screws. The device is inserted dorsally using a minimally invasive technique ; its indications are unstable dorsally displaced extra-articular or simple articular distal radius fractures. To evaluate the results obtained with this implant, we retrospectively studied 47 extra-articular (36 cases) or simple articular (11 cases) dorsally displaced distal radius fractures in 46 patients treated with this technique. Patients had a mean follow-up of 11 months and were evaluated radiographically and clinically using the Mayo Wrist Score and the DASH score systems. The minimally invasive operative technique is described. Complications occurred in three cases. Two were observed intra-operatively--partial rupture of extensor pollicis longus tendon--and one postoperatively--loosening of one epiphyseal screw. Excellent reduction was obtained at operation in all but two patients; loss of initial reduction was observed in 2 fractures. All fractures were considered healed radiologically at 40 days. Average final DASH score was 6 (0-20). According to the Mayo Wrist score, 29 patients had excellent, 12 good and 5 satisfactory results. The Dorsal Nail Plate (DNP) has shown to effectively stabilize distal radius fractures with dorsal displacement, leading to an early satisfactory functional recovery. Accurate surgical technique minimizes soft tissue dissection and reduces the risk of complications.