睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗的家庭调压

经鼻持续气道正压通气（ＣＰＡＰ）是目前治疗睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（ＳＡＨＳ）最有效的方法。最适ＣＰＡＰ压力调定的传统方法是在多导生理记录仪睡眠呼吸监测（ＰＳＧ）的指导下,由人工在睡眠室调定,我们探讨在家庭中这一压力的调定。对象与方法１３４例ＳＡＨＳ患者均按国际标准方法［１］经ＰＳＧ确诊。均已婚,配偶健在。男１１９例,女１５例,平均体重７９．８ｋｇ（５０－１１５ｋｇ）,平均年龄５１．７岁（２７－７８岁）,睡眠呼吸紊乱指数（ＡＨＩ）为（４８．３±２６．６）次／小时（５－１０５次／小时）。实施家庭调…     

动态血氧饱和度监测在睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊断中的应用

目的探讨夜间动态血氧饱和度监测对睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)的诊断价值。方法对120例疑似SAHS患者进行夜间动态血氧饱和度与多导睡眠图(PSG)监测,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AH I)将测试者分为SAHS组及非SAHS组。非SAHS组(AH I<5次/小时)27例,设为对照组;SAHS组又分为轻度组(AH I 5~20次/小时)26例;中度组(AH I 21~40次/小时)21例;重度组(AH I>40次/小时)46例。对监测结果进行轶和检验和Pearson相关分析,并观察不同的氧减饱和指数(O ID4)值作为诊断SAHS标准的敏感性与特异性。结果夜间动态血氧饱和度监测的O ID4与AH I的相关性良好(r=0.817,P<0.01),它能较好地反映SAHS患者睡眠时呼吸紊乱的频度。以O ID4≥5次/小时诊断SAHS,敏感性为92.4%,对SAHS具有初筛价值,但特异性只有77.8%。若以O ID4≥15次/小时诊断SAHS,特异性可达96.3%,可作为准确诊断SAHS的标准。结论选用适当的O ID4值作为SAHS的初步筛选或准确判断的标准,夜间动态血氧饱和度监测在SAHS的诊断中具有相当的临床价值。     

老年睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(sleep apnea hy-poventilation syndrome,SAHS)对人类健康是一个严重的潜在威胁.     

自动持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的应用

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征是一种常见的疾病，目前首选治疗仍然是经鼻CPAP治疗。自动CPAP能够有效的滴定患者，减少患者在实验室进行滴定；同时能够在整个睡眠阶段或每一个晚上提供最小的有效治疗压力，提高了患者的舒适度、接受程度、和使用性。本文介绍了自动CPAP的原理、临床上应用、临床使用存在的问题以及目前在使用时国际上所形成的共识。     

自动持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的应用

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征是一种常见的疾病 ,目前首选治疗仍然是经鼻CPAP治疗。自动CPAP能够有效的滴定患者 ,减少患者在实验室进行滴定 ;同时能够在整个睡眠阶段或每一个晚上提供最小的有效治疗压力 ,提高了患者的舒适度、接受程度、和使用性。本文介绍了自动CPAP的原理、临床上应用、临床使用存在的问题以及目前在使用时国际上所形成的共识     

慢性肾脏病合并睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)合并睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,SAHS)发病隐匿,易被人们忽视.合并SAHS不仅会加速患者肾功能损害,而且还会增加其并发症的发生,进而影响患者的长期生存.据此,本文针对CKD合并SAHS的流行病学、临床特征、发病机制及治疗方法进行综述.     

慢性咳嗽与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征相关性研究进展

慢性咳嗽是以咳嗽为唯一或主要症状,咳嗽持续时间超过8周、无吸烟史且肺部影像学检查无异常的咳嗽.慢性咳嗽对患者的工作、生活和社会活动均造成严重的影响.常见的病因包括:咳嗽变异性哮喘、上气道咳嗽综合征、嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎、胃食管反流疾病等.近年来多项研究提示OSAHS与慢性咳嗽之间存在一定的相关性,经过无创呼吸机治疗OSAHS可明显改善慢性咳嗽的症状.本文就OSAHS与慢性咳嗽的相关性及治疗进展作一综述.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征影响疼痛的研究进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是一种常见的睡眠呼吸障碍,与多种代谢性疾病和心血管疾病有关,造成多系统多器官的损害。疼痛是一种与实际或潜在的组织损伤有关的不愉快的感觉和情绪体验,其治疗是目前的临床难题。OSAHS对疼痛的影响已经受到关注,但目前OSAHS与疼痛的具体关系及机制尚未明确。本文对现有的相关研究进...     

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征29例临床分析

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是一种常见的并具有潜在危险性的疾病，可由多种疾患引起，有多方面的临床表现，易漏诊和误诊。现将我科自2003年4～9月经多导睡眠图(PSG)监测并确诊为OSAHS的29例患临床特点分析如下。     

Calgary睡眠呼吸暂停生活质量指数在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治中的地位

目的 探讨Calgary睡眠呼吸暂停生活质量指数（SAQLI）在中国阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者诊断与治疗随访中的地位。方法 确诊为中重度OSAHS并接受无创持续正压通气（nCPAP）患者连续入选68例,设为治疗组;按年龄、性别、身高、体质量等因素进行均衡纳入中重度OSAHS且未接受任何针对OSAHS治疗的患者68例,设为对照组。治疗前、治疗后1个月、治疗后2个月分别采用SAQLI评估其生活质量,分析基础状态下SAQLI评分与病情的相关关系及治疗前后SAQLI变化水平;并统计平均CPAP使用时间,采用多元逐步回归分析其预测因素。结果 SAQLI总分与OSAHS病情存在弱相关关系;有效CPAP治疗后SAQLI评分改善（P〈0.01）,而对照组SAQLI评分没有显著变化（P〉0.05）;多元逐步回归分析发现SAQLI基础评分及SaO2〈90%时间是平均CPAP使用时间的独立预测因素。结论 SAQLI量表可用于中国OSAHS患者病情评估及疗效判定;SAQLI基础评分及SaO2〈90%时间可作为OSAHS治疗指征制定的参考指标。     

无创正压通气在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征治疗中的应用

成人睡眠呼吸暂停综合征包括阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)、中枢型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(CSAS)、睡眠低通气综合征(SHS)等,临床上以OSAHS最为常见。OSAHS是指各种原因引起睡眠状态下反复出现呼吸暂停和低通气,夜间反复发生低氧血症、高碳酸血症和睡眠结构紊乱,病情逐渐     

The sleep hypopnea syndrome

We have observed patients who clinically have the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome but have no apneas, instead having recurrent nocturnal hypoventilation. There is disagreement about the definition and significance of such sleep-related hypopneas. We have thus analyzed breathing patterns, oxygenation and sleep records of 50 consecutive patients referred with the clinical features of the sleep apnea syndrome and found to have abnormal breathing during sleep to determine: (1) the best definition of hypopnea, and (2) how frequently patients have the clinical features of the sleep apnea syndrome without recurrent apneas. Hypopnea definitions based on decreases in thoracoabdominal movement yielded hypopnea frequencies that were significantly closer to desaturation and arousal frequencies than hypopnea definitions based on flow reduction. The best hypopnea definition was that of a 50% reduction in thoracoabdominal movement lasting for 10 s. This was validated in 33 normal subjects, all of whom had fewer than 11 hypopneas/h, and fewer than 14 apneas plus hypopneas/h of sleep. Thirty-two of the 50 patients had 10 or more apneas/h, the remaining 18 having 9 to 98 hypopneas/h such that all patients had more than 16 apneas plus hypopneas/h. Patients with recurrent hypopneas were clinically indistinguishable from and had a similar frequency of 4% desaturations (zero to 104/h) and arousals (7 to 98/h) to the patients with frequent apneas. This study confirms that hypopneas are clinically important and that the "sleep apnea syndrome" may occur in the absence of recurrent apneas.     

光学相干断层扫描在阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征中的应用

OSAHS 是各种原因引起睡眠过程中上气道出现部分或完全塌陷,导致上气道阻塞出现呼吸暂停的临床综合征,目前其确切的发病机制尚不清楚。光学相关断层扫描技术(optical coherence tomography,OCT)是一种非侵袭性的高分辨影像技术,它利用光的干涉现象得到生物组织的断层成像,能够清晰地呈现上气道的解剖结构,从而使人们了解气道阻塞的部位及严重程度,而且还可以在睡眠过程中实时地观察气道改变。此外,由于间断缺氧,OSAHS 患者视网膜会有不同程度的损伤,从而出现青光眼样的病变,OCT 可用于直接观察及测量患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度,从而使人们了解 OSAHS 患者的眼部病变。因此,OCT 有望成为一种用于研究 OSAHS 的新型技术。     

CPAP治疗重度OSAHS的疗效观察

目的 观察持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效、影响因素.方法 36例确诊为重度OSAHS的患者经CPAP治疗后,观察其治疗前后的呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、夜间最低血氧饱和度(SaO2)及临床症状的变化.结果 治疗后AHI明显下降,夜间最低SaO2及临床症状明显改善.结论 CPAP是治疗重度OSAHS的有效方法.患者的依从性对重度OSAHS的治疗有决定性的意义.     

Home oximetry studies for diagnosis of sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome: limitation of memory storage capabilities

BACKGROUND: Memory oximeters enable diagnostic studies for sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) to be performed in the home. However, memory capabilities may be limited. Study Objectives: To compare a pulse oximeter used at home with an 8-h memory, storing data every 12 s, and in the laboratory, with on-line recording every 2 s. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Patients' homes and a sleep laboratory. PATIENTS: One hundred patients with suspected SAHS. MEASUREMENTS: Home oximetry and a laboratory full polysomnography. The number of >/= 4% dips in pulse oximetric saturation (SpO(2)) was calculated for each study. Daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score. RESULTS: The mean dips per hour were 5.3/h (range, 0 to 53/h) for home studies and 13.4/h (range, 0 to 106/h) for laboratory studies; the relationship between home and laboratory studies was as follows: home = (0.4 x laboratory) - 0.01 +/- 11.2; r(2) = 0.64. Mean difference was 8.4/h (- 2.5 to + 77.9/h), which correlated with the mean of the measurements. At a cutoff point of 10/h, 52 studies were both negative and 13 studies were both positive. Nineteen home studies were false-negatives. Sensitivity was 0.41, and specificity was 1.0. In these 19 studies, 7 patients had an ESS score > 10 and 4 patients had an ESS score > 14. To confirm that differences were due to different sampling rates, 16 additional patients had on-line data and stored data collected simultaneously in the laboratory. Mean dips per hour were 3.2/h (range, 0.1 to 18.3/h) for the stored data and 8.34/h (0.2 to 22.8/h) for on-line data; the relationship being stored was as follows: 0.5 on-line - 1.17 +/- 2.6; r(2) = 0.69. Mean difference was 5.2/h (0.04 to 15.4 h), which correlated with the mean of the measurements. CONCLUSION: Home studies using a memory storage pulse oximeter may underestimate the number of hypoxic dips, probably due to sampling rates. Clinically significant hypoxic SAHS may therefore be missed.     

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症Access数据库的建立及应用

目的建立关系型数据库保存和管理睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(SAHS)患者临床资料,并进行其应用价值的探讨。方法复习睡眠医学中心597例SAHS患者的病案资料,根据阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治指南制定408个字段,利用Access2010软件建立含表、查询、窗体、报表的数据库。结果在6个月的时间内建立了SAHS Access数据库,并成功应用于临床及科研工作。结论利用Access2010建立SAHS临床资料数据库简单易行,该数据库具有较强的数据处理能力,提高了医护人员的工作效率,规范了SAHS作为慢性疾病的系统管理,同时有利于临床随访及科研。     

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展

睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病严重危害人类健康。常见的与睡眠相关的呼吸紊乱有习惯性鼾鸣、进行性上呼吸道阻塞综合征、周期性呼吸和睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（sleepapneahy—popneasvndrome,SAHS）。SAHS是睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病的代表性疾病,已被列为一类公共卫生问题。SAHS是系统性炎症反应,导致内皮细胞功能异常。而血管内皮功能失调是目前公认的动脉粥样硬化的重要发病机制之一,     

Screening for sleep apnea using pulse oximetry and a clinical score

Confirmation of the diagnosis of OSA currently requires overnight polysomnography. This study evaluates the usefulness of pulse oximetry together with a clinical score in identifying OSA. Forty patients were assigned a clinical score based on the presence or absence of loud snoring, observations of interrupted breathing during sleep, hypersomnolence, obesity and essential hypertension. Each underwent a night of domiciliary pulse oximetry followed by nocturnal polysomnography. Significant OSA was confirmed in 26. All 15 patients with positive pulse oximetry tracings had significant OSA (apnea index greater than or equal to 10). Five of eight with negative tracings were also shown to have significant OSA along with six of the seven patients with inadequate or indeterminate tracings. Clinical scores were significantly different for those with and without OSA. This study confirms the usefulness of nocturnal pulse oximetry in establishing the diagnosis of OSA and highlights the value of a clinical score in improving its sensitivity as a screening tool.