Superselective coil embolization of arterial esophageal hemorrhage

The authors report a case of arterial esophageal bleeding resistant to endoscopic hemostasis in a patient in critical condition after complicated gastrointestinal and pulmonary surgery. Unfit for surgery, the patient's massive hemorrhage was successfully treated with superselective coil embolization of the afferent esophageal branch of the thoracic aorta. In patients with severe arterial bleeding of the esophagus, percutaneous superselective arterial coil embolization may be feasible for control of hemorrhage.     

Life-threatening bleeding from dissecting Intramural Hematoma of Esophagus (IHE) treated by trans arterial embolization.

Dissecting intramural hematoma of esophagus (DIHE) is an uncommon entity, characterized by accumulation of blood within the esophageal wall and usually managed conservatively. Only in rare circumstances, DIHE is associated with massive life-threatening hemorrhage requiring emergency treatment. We present a case of DIHE associated with cardiovascular collapse and treated by transcatheter arterial embolization. Transcatheter arterial embolization is a rare treatment option for DIHE associated with hemodynamic instability and only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature.     

介入栓塞治疗急性消化道大出血的临床应用

目的　探讨介入栓塞治疗消化道大出血的对策、方法选择和影响疗效的因素。方法　急性消化道大出血 15例 ,其中上消化道 4例 ,下消化道 11例。分别采用PVA、明胶海绵、钢丝圈 3种材料进行栓塞。下消化道采用同轴导管法。结果　 15例中 14例成功止血 ,共对 16个病灶进行了 17次栓塞 ,止血成功率为 94 .1%。其中 1例术后出现小肠坏死行手术治疗切除肠管。随访 15例 ,1例术后 3个月再次出血 ,手术证实为小肠血管淋巴瘤。 2例小肠恶性肿瘤择期手术。另 1例术中出血速度太快、量太大 ,出现休克 ,以钢丝圈栓塞止血成功 ,术后外科手术证实为小肠良性肿瘤伴大面积出血。结论　使用不同方法介入栓塞治疗急性消化道大出血是有效而安全的 ,正确选择栓塞的靶血管和合适的栓塞剂和用量是成功的关键     

超选择动脉栓塞术治疗动脉性消化道出血

目的讨论超选择动脉栓塞术对急性消化道出血的治疗作用。方法对31例急性消化道出血患者行动脉造影,发现出血征象时进行超选择插管并采用钢圈配合明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞治疗。结果动脉造影表现为对比剂外溢,假性动脉瘤,血管畸形,肿瘤染色等。栓塞治疗30例,止血成功23例(其中7例行第2次栓塞),成功率76.7%。最终转为外科手术10例。结论超选择动脉栓塞术可有效治疗动脉性消化道出血,是外科治疗的重要补充措施。     

Inadvertent barium hysterosalpingography.

During a 5-year period, 13 patients who presented with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage had normal findings on arteriography. Seven had prophylactic embolization of the left gastric artery, and six had conservative therapy. Normal angiographic findings were associated with clinical cessation of bleeding in 12 of 13 patients. Lesions not treated by embolization or other invasive therapy had a high rate of massive recurrent hemorrhage (four of six). Of lesions subsequently found to be supplied by the left gastric artery, two of four cases not treated by embolization or surgery had clinically significant recurrent hemorrhage, whereas none of six cases treated by embolization had recurrent hemorrhage. Prophylactic embolization of the left gastric artery appears warranted when (1) there is definite prior identification of a lesion in the left gastric artery territory or (2) there is no prior localization of a lesion but the patient is at risk for multiorgan failure if bleeding recurs.     

经导管髂内动脉栓塞术治疗盆腔大出血

目的　探讨经髂内动脉栓塞治疗盆腔大出血的栓塞技术、栓塞剂选择和并发症防治。方法　本组 11例 (膀胱癌 3例 ,宫颈癌 5例 ,绒癌 1例 ,产后大出血 2例 ) ,均接受了经导管双侧选择性髂内动脉栓塞术 ,并保留导管 2 4h。栓塞材料为明胶海绵。结果　全部病例 1次栓塞后均立即止血 ,1例 2 4h后再出血而行 2次治疗 ,随访观察 10～ 90d均无再出血。无并发症发生。结论　髂内动脉栓塞术治疗盆腔大出血简便、微创、安全、可靠 ,可作为首选方法     

急诊行髂内动脉栓塞治疗16例骨盆骨折并大出血

目的探讨髂内动脉栓塞治疗骨盆骨折并大出血的临床效果。方法对16例骨盆骨折并大出血患者,经保守治疗无效,急诊行单侧或双侧髂内动脉造影,明确出血部位后,经导管用明胶海绵或弹簧圈栓塞。结果 16例骨盆骨折并大出血患者经髂内动脉栓塞后活动性出血停止,除1例死于术后70h外,绝大多数患者的出血性休克得到明显控制。结论髂内动脉栓塞是治疗骨盆骨折并大出血的一个快速、合理、有效的方法。     

急诊髂内动脉栓塞治疗骨盆骨折大出血

目的:探讨急诊髂内动脉栓塞治疗骨盆骨折大出血的临床价值。方法:对12例骨盆骨折合并失血性休克的患者行紧急髂内动脉造影,对出血动脉用明胶海绵进行栓塞;伴有肝脾破裂者同时行肝脾动脉栓塞。结果:髂内动脉造影显示对比剂血管外溢11例,伴髂内动脉主要分支断流2例,1例仅表现为髂内动脉分支广泛痉挛伴脾下极动脉出血;栓塞后出血均停止,全部患者24h内血压回升至正常水平,术后未发生严重的并发症。除1例合并多脏器功能衰竭(MODS)死亡外,其余都得到有效救治。结论:急诊髂内动脉栓塞是院内急救骨盆骨折大出血的首选方法,具有迅速、安全的优点。     

胰腺疾病外科术后大出血的急症介入治疗

目的 评价介入技术治疗胰腺疾病外科术后大出血的安全性和疗效.方法 对13例外科术后大出血患者进行介入治疗,应用单纯血管内栓塞术11例.联合内支架置入术1例.联合肠系膜上动脉局部灌注1例.栓塞材料用微型弹簧圈7例,普通弹簧圈2例,同时用聚乙烯醇微球6例,同时用明胶海绵4例.结果 栓塞前选择性血管造影显示,单纯假性动脉瘤形成6例,合并对比剂外溢3例,单纯对比剂外溢3例,血管造影阴性1例.介入治疗止血成功率92.3%(12/13).13例中1例再通栓塞后次日因应激性溃疡大出血死亡.再出血率16.7%(2/12).12例介入治疗成功者,术后经输血、补液等对症处理后,生命体征平稳,引流管及胃管引流液血性液体消失.随访中,原有合并胰瘘、腹腔脓肿者2例大出血、失血性休克而死亡,其余10例随访2周～24个月,未再出现大出血.4例行肝固有动脉栓塞者出现ALT-过性升高,其他患者未出现肠坏死、胰腺坏死、脾脓肿等表现.结论 血管内介入治疗是治疗胰腺疾病外科术后大出血的安全有效的方法.     

超选择性动脉栓塞术在急性动脉性大出血治疗中的应用

目的探讨超选择动脉栓塞术在急性动脉性大出血治疗中的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析23例急性动脉性大出血患者的临床资料,全部病例经内科保守治疗无法有效控制出血,对出血部位行选择性DSA,明确出血动脉后行超选择性插管术及栓塞治疗,栓塞材料为明胶海绵颗粒或条。 结果所有病例DSA均显示出血阳性征象,表现为对比剂外溢、血管增粗、扭曲等。栓塞术后21例出血立即停止,1例宫颈癌大出血患者10 h后再次出现大出血,遂行第二次栓塞术,效果满意。1例咯血患者不完全止血,术后配合内科积极治疗后出血停止。病例均无严重并发症。 结论DSA对诊断急性出血有较高价值,超选择性动脉栓塞术能迅速、有效止血,且并发症少,可作为急性动脉性大出血治疗的主要方法。     

急诊栓塞在抢救急性大出血患者中的临床应用

目的通过对38例不同部位急性大出血患行急诊栓塞止血的临床观察,评价急诊栓塞在抢救急性大出血患中的价值。方法采用Seldinger技术先行选择性血管造影确定出血血管后,超选择插管至该血管。造影证实不存在共于、动静脉瘘、危险吻合后,以相应的栓塞材料包括无水乙醇、明胶海绵、钢圈、聚乙烯醇颗粒等行栓塞,间断造影至满意为止。结果所有患在栓塞后当即止血,有效率100％,无器官坏死等并发症。结论急性大出血患在行一般内科治疗的同时应尽快行栓塞治疗,其方法简单方便,能很快查明出血原因,明确出血部位,迅速有效止血。     

Rupture of a hepatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma

We describe a rare case of spontaneous rupture of a hepatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma that was treated successfully by hepatic arterial embolization. A 65-year-old woman, who had been undergoing immunotherapy for inoperably disseminated renal carcinoma and lung metastases, presented with severe abdominal pain in a state of hypovolemic shock. Computed tomography revealed a highly attenuated mass lesion in the right lobe of the liver and massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Subsequent hepatic angiography showed extravasation from the feeding right hepatic artery. Transcatheter embolization of the right hepatic artery was subsequently performed, and the patient made an uneventful recovery. Although hepatic rupture due to metastatic cancer is extremely rare, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an appropriate and useful treatment for massive hemorrhage caused by spontaneous rupture of liver metastasis.     

Arterial catheterization and embolization for management of emergent or anticipated massive obstetrical hemorrhage

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications, efficacy, and safety of arterial catheterization and embolization for the management of emergent or anticipated massive obstetrical hemorrhage and its effects on menses and fertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients underwent arterial catheterization and embolization for intractable obstetrical hemorrhage between January 2001 and December 2005. Three groups of patients were identified: group 1 (n = 6) experienced postpartum hemorrhage; group 2 (n = 5) had anticipated severe postpartum hemorrhage; and group 3 (n = 7) had a risk factor for anticipated severe hemorrhage after dilation and evacuation. Gynecological information after embolization was obtained from medical records and telephone interviews. RESULTS: All patients in group 1 had a favorable outcome after treatment with a single embolization. All patients in group 2 had a placenta previa with an estimated blood loss of 1215-3250 ml. In group 3, bleeding was controlled in six patients; one patient had a hysterectomy because embolization was not possible. There were no short-or long - term complications, and normal menstruation resumed. Four patients became pregnant after embolization. CONCLUSION: Arterial catheterization and embolization is an effective, safe method for treating intractable obstetrical hemorrhage and might eliminate the need for hysterectomy and maintain reproductive ability.     

Transcatheter embolization in the management of pulmonary hemorrhage

A group of 306 patients with acute pulmonary hemorrhage were evaluated by means of bronchial arteriography and treated with transcatheter embolization. Specific causes for bleeding included lung abscess, chronic pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and bronchiectasis. In 120 patients the hemoptysis was massive, with volumes exceeding 500 ml/day. The majority (n = 225) were treated during peak hemorrhage. Embolization was performed with one of three methods: particulate embolization with polyurethane or velour, obturation with the angiographic catheter combined with peripheral embolization by means of infused albumin macroaggregates, and regional infusion of sclerosing agents. Effective hemostasis was obtained initially in 278 patients (90.8%), including 87.5% of those treated during peak hemorrhage. In 26 of 28 cases without initial response, the pulmonary artery was the source of bleeding. Recurrent bleeding, within 1-4 days, requiring surgery was observed in 39 patients with initially successful hemostasis. Of 158 patients who were treated without surgery, subsequent episodes of hemoptysis occurred in 36. Combined methods of embolization may improve the efficacy of treatment of operable and inoperable patients with lung disease complicated by hemorrhage.     

产后大出血：卵巢动脉造影和栓塞术的意义

目的:观察卵巢动脉(OA)作为产后出血来源的血管造影表现,评价经导管栓塞OA参与出血的安全性和疗效。材料和方法:对7例OA作为产后出血来源的患者进行了选择性OA造影和栓塞术。栓塞OA的材料有明胶海绵碎粒、PVA、微型钢丝圈。结果:选择性OA造影显示造影剂外溢至宫腔6例、OA直接参与子宫异常血管供血1例。补充栓塞参与出血或病变的OA后出血立即停止,住院期间未再复发出血,未发生与栓塞术相关的并发症。结论:OA可作为产后出血的主要供血动脉,是导致常规栓塞两侧髂内动脉-子宫动脉不能控制出血的原因之一。如发现OA参与产科出血性病变的供血,补充做OA栓塞术是安全和有效的。     

Spontaneous Hemothorax in Neurofibromatosis Treated with Percutaneous Embolization

We evaluated the effectiveness of transcatheter arterial coil embolization therapy for the treatment of spontaneous hemothorax followed by aneurysm rupture in neurofibromatosis patients. Three patients were treated for massive hemothorax caused by arterial lesions associated with neurofibromatosis. Bleeding episodes were secondary to ascending cervical artery aneurysm and dissection of vertebral artery in 1 patient, and intercostal artery aneurysm with or without arteriovenous fistula in 2 patients. Patients were treated by transarterial coil embolization combined with chest drainage. In 1 patient, the ruptured ascending cervical artery aneurysm was well embolized but, shortly after the embolization, fatal hemorrhage induced by dissection of the vertebral artery occurred and the patient died. In the other 2 patients, the ruptured intercostal artery aneurysm was well embolized and they were successfully treated and discharged. Transcatheter arterial coil embolization therapy is an effective method for the treatment of spontaneous hemothorax followed by aneurysm rupture in neurofibromatosis patients.     

Embolization of a Hemorrhoid Following 18 Hours of Life-Threatening Bleeding

Hemorrhoids usually do not pose diagnostic difficulties and they rarely cause massive bleeding. We report a case of massive rectal bleeding over 18 h needing 22 U blood transfusion treated by superselective transcatheter coil embolization 12 h following operative treatment performed in a different hospital. Diagnostic angiography with a view to superselective embolization, following failure of sigmoidoscopy to localize and treat the cause of hemorrhage, might act as a life-saving treatment in massive rectal bleeding, obviating the need for repeated endoscopy or emergency surgery.     

介入治疗下颌骨动静脉畸形出血的疗效分析

目的探讨介入治疗下颌骨动静脉畸形出血的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年1月于郑州大学第一附属医院接受介入治疗的7例下颌骨动静脉畸形患者的临床资料。患者男3例、女4例,年龄8.0~13.0(10.6±1.7)岁。4例为突发大出血,3例为自发性反复渗血。3例经动、静脉途径行双介入栓塞治疗,4例单纯经动脉途径栓塞,栓塞材料为聚乙烯醇颗粒及弹簧圈,术后随访9~18个月观察其疗效。结果7例患者,4例急性大出血患者介入术后出血得到有效控制,3例慢性渗血者症状消失,所有患者随访期间未再复发出血;1例出现口腔感染、牙龈肿胀增生,经抗感染、清创术后得到有效控制。所有患者无严重并发症发生。结论介入治疗下颌骨动静脉畸形出血疗效确切、安全可行,值得临床推广应用。     

Transcatheter gelfoam embolization of posttraumatic bleeding pseudoaneurysms.

Diagnostic angiography combined with transcatheter therapeutic embolization is a simple and effective means of treating complex clinical situations associated with posttraumatic hemorrhage. Bleeding pseudoaneurysms, even when large, can be readily managed by this combined modality with resultant decrease in morbidity and hospital stay. Five patients with posttraumatic pseudoaneurysms are presented. All five were treated by transcatheter therapeutic embolization with Gelfoam. Of these five cases, three involved extremities, one involved the retroperitoneal space, and the last was of renal origin. Two of the five cases still required surgical intervention after initial successful therapeutic embolization, one for recurrent bleeding from collaterals and the other for evacuation of a massive pseudoaneurysm which was causing distraction of fracture fragments. The early use of angiography in suspected cases of posttraumatic hemorrhage, together with careful evaluation of potential collateral supply, is stressed. The use of transcatheter therapeutic embolization in the extremities as presented here is yet another example of the ever-broadening applicability of this technique.     

Life-threatening post-nephrolithotomy hemorrhage resulting in cessation of kidney function, treated by transcatheter arterial embolization with subsequent restoration of excretory function

A massive post-nephrolithotomy renal hemorrhage was successfully controlled by selective arterial embolization using Gelfoam particles. Prior to embolization, the kidney showed no excretory function due to complete obstruction of its collecting system by blood clots. Long-term observation revealed restoration of excretory function of the treated kidney and only minimal loss of its parenchyma.