Detoxication methods for bromureide poisoning

The efficiency of different detoxication methods for Carbromal intoxications was evaluated on bastard dogs using haemofiltration, haemodialysis and haemoperfusion with coated charcoal and polystyrene resins. Clearance rates and eliminated amounts of Carbromal and bromine were compared.Haemoperfusion is most effective in the elimination of Carbromal and haemodialysis for removal of bromide ions. Haemofiltration was least effective for both and should therefore not be used for the treatment of Carbromal intoxications.Presented in part on the 8. Gemeinsame Tagung der Deutschen und Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Internistische Intensivmedizin, München, Nov. 1976 und 9. Gemeinsame Tagung der Deutschen und Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Internistische Intensivmedizin, Linz, Sept. 1977     

双酚酰胺丁酸及其类似物对铀的促排和解毒

本实验研究邻苯二酚单取代胺羧酰胺类螯合剂对铀的促排解毒作用。实验证明１８个该类螯合剂均有一定的促排作用，４８ｈ尿铀排出量与对照组相比，比值在１．２１～２．５１之间，其中双酚酰胺丁酸（Ｎｏ．１６）促排效果最好，大白鼠ｉｍ０．２５ｇ·ｋｇ－１，尿铀比值达２．５１，ｉｇ０．５ｇ·ｋｇ－１或１ｇ·ｋｇ－１也可提高尿铀排出量。解毒试验表明小白鼠ｓｃ双酚酰胺丁酸使铀中毒ＬＤ５０提高到１６．４倍，ｉｇ给药可提高到７．６倍；大白鼠ｉｇ给药可使铀中毒ＬＤ５０提高到３．９倍；延迟４ｈｉｇ仍然有效。此外双酚酰胺丁酸可显著降低小白鼠因ＮｉＣｌ２、ＭｎＣｌ２、ＣｏＣｌ２中毒引起的死亡数。     

Acute poisoning by selenious acid

A 2 yo male child ingested approximately 15 ml of a Gun Blue solution containing selenious acid, nitric acid and copper nitrate. He was immediately given milk and vomited spontaneously blood-stained food with a garlic smell. He was admitted to our Centre less than 3 hr following ingestion. An esophago-gastroscopy showed a second degree burn of both esophagus and stomach. He became comatose and had to be ventilated mechanically. Metabolic acidosis, leucocytosis, hyperglycemia and hemoconcentration were also observed. During the following day he developed a severe intestinal distension, a cardiomyopathy (CPK = 1,302, cardiac arrhythmia), and moderate hepatic, renal and pulmonary dysfunctions. Plasma selenium concentration was 285 micrograms/L and the maximum urinary concentration was 28,459 micrograms/L. After 4 days, his condition had improved considerably and he was about to be extubated when he suddenly developed acute respiratory distress. A similar episode occurred 24 hr later. His lung function progressively deteriorated; later he required the use of an extracorporeal membrane lung. Legionella dumofii was found the causative agent. He died 17 d after ingestion despite aggressive treatment. Acute selenious acid poisoning and its relation to Legionnaire's disease is discussed.     

An apparent fatal valproic acid poisoning

While extensive data on therapeutic concentrations of valproic acid in plasma exist, data on toxic or fatal levels are very limited and superficial, interpretation of isolated blood levels obtained post-mortem is therefore a difficult task. A case of sudden death is described here. The circumstances are known and strongly indicate a fatal, suicidal poisoning by valproic acid at a dose of 56.4 g. Valproic acid was quantified in tissues by gas chromatography, and its identity confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The tissue concentrations found post-mortem were as follows: blood 720 mg/L; liver 800 mg/kg; stomach contents 1700 mg. Phenobarbitone and propoxyphene were also present at therapeutic concentrations. This data should provide a useful reference for interpretive purposes.     

Microbial transformation of acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid by Cunninghamella elegans

Microbial biotransformation of acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid by Cunninghamella elegans AS 3.1207 was carried out, and totally four transformed products were isolated. On the basis of the extensive spectral data, their structures were characterized as 7β-hydroxy-11-keto-boswellic acid (1), 7β,30-dihydroxy-11-keto-boswellic acid (2), 7β,16α-dihydroxy-3-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid (3), and 7β,15α,21β-trihydroxy-3-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid (4), respectively. Among them, products 1 and 2 are the new compounds.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定黄连解毒胶囊中5组分的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定黄连解毒胶囊中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马亭、盐酸药根碱、黄芩苷、栀子苷含量的方法。方法:采用3种紫外检测波长同时进行测定,色谱柱为DiamonsilC18,流动相为水-甲醇-0.05%磷酸(梯度洗脱),柱温为35℃,流速为1.0ml/min,检测波长为345、280、238nm,进样量为10μl。结果:盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马亭、盐酸药根碱、黄芩苷、栀子苷进样量分别在0.105μg～1.680μg(r=0.9999)、0.045μg～0.720μg(r=0.9998)、0.065μg～1.040μg(r=0.9997)、0.190μg～3.040μg(r=0.9999)、0.145μg～2.320μg(r=0.9999)范围内呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为99.11%、98.19%、97.21%、98.52%、99.22%。结论:本方法快速、重现性好、灵敏度高,可为黄连解毒胶囊提供更合理、可靠的质量控制方法。     

Detoxication of the environmental pollutant acrolein by a rat liver aldo-keto reductase

Acrolein is a highly reactive hazardous air pollutant of human health concern, particularly as it is a component of cigarette smoke. It can be metabolized by enzymes including the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family of enzymes. AKR7A1 is a member of the AKR7 sub-family and can catalyse the reduction of toxic aldehydes, including alpha-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, to alcohols [Biochem. J. 312 (1995) 535]. In this study, the role of AKR7A1 in protecting against acrolein toxicity has been assessed by stably-expressing a cDNA encoding AKR7A1 in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Cells expressing AKR7A1 showed over 2-fold increased resistance to acrolein compared to V79 cells alone, as measured by 3-[4,4-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. IC50 increased from 45 microM in control V79-pCI-neo cells to 125microM for V79-AKR7A1 cells. Cells expressing AKR7A1 were also found to be less susceptible to DNA damage, showing a decrease in mutation rate in the presence of acrolein as measured by hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) mutagenicity assays. The mutation rate for acrolein-exposed control cells was 20-fold higher than for acrolein-exposed AKR7A1-expressing cells. These results indicate that AKR7A1 has the potential to protect against acrolein-induced damage in vivo.     

Mechanism of inhibition of renal amino acid reabsorption in rabbits by heavy metals

A procedure is described for analyzing the renal transport kinetics of amino acids without the need for prolonged equilibrating infusions, high systemic amino acid concentrations, and the consequent risk of metabolic changes of the infused compounds. Under these conditions labeled amino acids can conveniently be used as substrates, and formation of competitive inhibitors by transamination is minimized. Glutamate increased K_M (affinity constant) without altering T_M (maximum tubular reabosorptive capacity/ml glomerular filtrate) for aspartate reabsortion, as predicted for competitive inhibition. Uranium (0.5 mg/kg as UO₂NO₃ 10 days prior) and Hg (2 to 4 mg/kg as HgCl₂ 2 days prior) depressed both T_M and K_M of aspartate reabsorption. Similar results were obtained with Hg and cycloleucine reabsorption. In the case of a reversible reaction in a homogeneous medium such behavior could be described as uncompetitive inhibition. The significance of this term for the present system is further considered.