依托咪酯与普鲁泊福在困难气管纤维支气管镜引导插管时安全性比较

目的比较依托咪酯与普鲁泊福全麻诱导在困难气管纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）引导插管时的安全性。方法选择困难气管患者34例,随机分成E组和P组,每组各17例。利多卡因行鼻至气管表面麻醉,静脉推注芬太尼和依托咪酯（E组）或普鲁泊福（P组）,意识消失后在纤支镜引导下经鼻气管插管,插管成功后查动脉血气。监测脑电双频指数（BIS）和呼气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）。记录患者意识消失时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、BIS、达到最低BIS时间及动脉血气、乳酸和PETCO2。结果两组皆完成气管插管,意识消失时间、BIS、乳酸及PETCO2比较差异均无统计学意义,E组自主呼吸恢复时间及达到最低BIS时间[（48．3±10．7）、（36．7±9．3）s]显著短于P组[（98．7±11．3）、（68．5±12．1）s]（P〈0．01）。结论困难气管纤支镜引导插管时使用依托咪酯诱导,自主呼吸恢复时间显著快于使用普鲁泊福,故使用依托咪酯比普鲁泊福更安全。     

依托咪酯与普鲁泊福在困难气管纤维支气管镜引导插管时安全性比较

Objective To investigate the risk factors and anticoagulation parameters in patients of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) combined with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods All of 110 AECOPD patients were divided into two groups according to Doppler examination of lower extremities: DVT group and non-DVT group. The risk factors and anticoagulation parameters were compared. Results Twelve cases (10.9%) were in DVT group,of whom 2 cases (1.8%)had pulmonary embolism. The rate of lying in bed > 3 d, smoke, mechanical ventilation, hospital stays and the levels of PaCO2 were significantly higher in DVT group than those in non-DVT group (P < 0.01 or <0.05 ). In DVT group, the activity of antithrombin Ⅲ and the level of protein S decreased (P < 0.05 ), and the level of D-Dimer increased (P < 0.05). Conclusions Long-term bed, smoke and mechanical ventilation requirement are the main risk factors of DVT in patients with AECOPD. Respiratory failure (type Ⅱ ) is easier to combine with DVT. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolytic system exists in AECOPD with DVT.     

靶控输注依托咪酯与普鲁泊福麻醉对糖尿病患者围手术期血糖及血流动力学变化的临床研究

目的观察靶控输注依托咪酯与普鲁泊福麻醉对糖尿病患者围手术期血糖及血流动力学变化的影响。方法择期手术的糖尿病患者（ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）60例随机分为两组,每组各30例。E组：使用靶控输注依托咪酯进行麻醉;P组：使用靶控输注普鲁泊福进行麻醉。分别于麻醉诱导前5min（T0）、插管时（T1）、插管后5min（T2）、手术结束（T3）、术后24h（T4）、术后48h（B）采静脉血测定血糖,并记录各时间点收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO：）。结果P组T1及T2的SBP和DBP分别为（110．63±16．92）、（108．80±20．97）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）和（66．37±8．00）、（68．60±11．19）mmHg,心率分别为（73．77±8．13）、（74．67±8．33）次／min,均较T0有所下降[SBP、DBP和HR分别为（135．01±13．45）、（79．37±8．58）mmHg和（79．73±9．06）次／min],P〈0．05;E组T1及T2的SBP和DBP与T0比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,E组T2的心率为（89．20±9．06）次／min,较T0[（80．97±8．91）次／min]有所增快（P〈0．05）。两组血糖在T1～T5均有所增高,但与T0比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论与靶控输注普鲁泊福麻醉相比,靶控输注依托咪酯麻醉对糖尿病患者围手术期具有更好的血流动力学稳定性;二者对患者围手术期血糖变化没有明显影响;靶控输注普鲁泊福及依托咪酯可安全用于ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的糖尿病患者的手术麻醉。     

靶控输注依托咪酯与普鲁泊福麻醉对糖尿病患者围手术期血糖及血流动力学变化的临床研究

目的 观察靶控输注依托咪酯与普鲁泊福麻醉对糖尿病患者围手术期血糖及血流动力学变化的影响.方法 择期手术的糖尿病患者(ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)60例随机分为两组,每组各30例.E组:使用靶控输注依托咪酯进行麻醉;P组:使用靶控输注普鲁泊福进行麻醉.分别于麻醉诱导前5min(T0)、插管时(T1)、插管后5min(T2)、手术结束(T3)、术后24h(T4)、术后48 h(T5)采静脉血测定血糖,并记录各时间点收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2).结果 P组T1及T2的SBP和DBP分别为(110.63±16.92)、(108.80±20.97)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和(66.37±8.00)、(68.60±11.19)mm Hg,心率分别为(73.77±8.13)、(74.67±8.33)次/min,均较T0有所下降[SBP、DBP和HR分别为(135.01±13.45)、(79.37±8.58)mm Hg和(79.73±9.06)次/min],P＜0.05;E组T1及T2的SBP和DBP与T0比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),E组T2的心率为(89.20±9.06)次/min,较T0[(80.97±8.91)次/min]有所增快(P＜0.05).两组血糖在T1～T5均有所增高,但与T0比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与靶控输注普鲁泊福麻醉相比,靶控输注依托咪酯麻醉对糖尿病患者围手术期具有更好的血流动力学稳定性;二者对患者围手术期血糖变化没有明显影响;靶控输注普鲁泊福及依托咪酯可安全用于ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的糖尿病患者的手术麻醉.     

普鲁泊福复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼应用于非肌松剂气管插管的观察

目的 观察普鲁泊福麻醉诱导时复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼应用于非肌松剂气管插管时对患者心血管反应的影响.方法 将60例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的非心、脑外科择期全身麻醉手术患者按随机数字表法分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组20例,注射泵输注瑞芬太尼血浆靶控浓度分别为2、3、4ng/ml,输注5 min后开始靶控输注普鲁泊福(血浆靶控浓度3μg/ml).记录三组患者诱导前(T1)、普鲁泊福开始即刻(T2)、气管插管前即刻(T3)、气管插管后1 min(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率变化,以及气管插管评分和第1次插管成功率.结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组气管插管评分分别为(10.5±2.9)、(7.6±2.3)、(5.8±1.2)分,第1次插管成功率分别为50%(10/20)、80%(16/20)、100%(20/20),三组间比较差异均有统计学意义,Ⅲ组均优于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).T2与T1比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组心率均显著减慢(P＜0.05),Ⅲ组更明显;T4与T3比较,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组心率显著增快,Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).T3与T2比较,三组MAP均显著下降;T4与T3比较,Ⅰ组MAP显著上升,且高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).结论 在不使用肌松剂时,普鲁泊福复合瑞芬太尼靶控浓度3～4 ng/ml能较好地抑制气管插管的应激反应,而又不引起明显的循环抑制,对维持麻醉诱导插管过程的平稳较为有利.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the impacts on the patients with cardiovascular responses when applying propofol combined with different dose of remifentanil in tracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants for anesthesia induction. Methods Sixty patients undergoing selective general anesthesia operation of ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ non-heart and brain surgery were divided into three groups by random digits table, and 20 cases for each group. Target-controlled infusion of remifentanil with respective plasma concentration of 2 ng/ml (group Ⅰ ), 3 ng/ml (group Ⅱ ) and 4 ng/ml (group Ⅲ). Target-controlled infusion of propofol after infusion of remifentanil for 5 min (3 μg/ml of plasma target concentration). The mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR), intubation conditions and success rate of patients in different groups before induction(T1), at the beginning moment of propofol(T2),at the immediate moment before tracheal intubation (T3) and at the time of 1 min after tracheal intubation (T4). Results The grade of tracheal intubation was (10.5 ±2.9), (7.6 ±2.3), (5.8 ± 1.2) scores and the success rate of the first intubation was 50%( 10/20), 80%(16/20), 100%(20/20) in group Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ , there were significant differences among three groups (P＜ 0.05),group Ⅲ was superior to group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P＜0.05). Comparing T2 and Tj,HR in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ slowed down significantly ( P ＜ 0.05), and in group Ⅲ slowed down more significantly (P＜0.05). Comparing T4 and T3,HR in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ quickened significantly, and group Ⅰ was higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P＜ 0.05). Comparing T3 and T2,MAP decreased significantly among three groups,comparing T4 and T3, MAP increased significantly in group Ⅰ which was higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Without the use of muscle relaxants, propofol combined with remifentanil for 3-4 ng/ml can better restrain the tracheal intubation stress responses and won't cause significant cycle inhibition. They benefit to maintain the smooth intubation process of anesthesia induction.     

普鲁泊福复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼应用于非肌松剂气管插管的观察

Objective To observe the impacts on the patients with cardiovascular responses when applying propofol combined with different dose of remifentanil in tracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants for anesthesia induction. Methods Sixty patients undergoing selective general anesthesia operation of ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ non-heart and brain surgery were divided into three groups by random digits table, and 20 cases for each group. Target-controlled infusion of remifentanil with respective plasma concentration of 2 ng/ml (group Ⅰ ), 3 ng/ml (group Ⅱ ) and 4 ng/ml (group Ⅲ). Target-controlled infusion of propofol after infusion of remifentanil for 5 min (3 μg/ml of plasma target concentration). The mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR), intubation conditions and success rate of patients in different groups before induction(T1), at the beginning moment of propofol(T2),at the immediate moment before tracheal intubation (T3) and at the time of 1 min after tracheal intubation (T4). Results The grade of tracheal intubation was (10.5 ±2.9), (7.6 ±2.3), (5.8 ± 1.2) scores and the success rate of the first intubation was 50%( 10/20), 80%(16/20), 100%(20/20) in group Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ , there were significant differences among three groups (P＜ 0.05),group Ⅲ was superior to group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P＜0.05). Comparing T2 and Tj,HR in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ slowed down significantly ( P ＜ 0.05), and in group Ⅲ slowed down more significantly (P＜0.05). Comparing T4 and T3,HR in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ quickened significantly, and group Ⅰ was higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P＜ 0.05). Comparing T3 and T2,MAP decreased significantly among three groups,comparing T4 and T3, MAP increased significantly in group Ⅰ which was higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Without the use of muscle relaxants, propofol combined with remifentanil for 3-4 ng/ml can better restrain the tracheal intubation stress responses and won't cause significant cycle inhibition. They benefit to maintain the smooth intubation process of anesthesia induction.     

依托咪酯或丙泊酚对老年冠心病非心脏手术围插管期心率变异性的影响

目的研究依托咪酯和丙泊酚对老年冠心病患者行非心脏手术时在全身麻醉诱导气管插管期间心率变异性（HRV）的影响。方法将90例择期行中上腹部手术的老年冠心病患者随机分成依托咪酯组（E组）和丙泊酚组（P组）,每组各45例。分别于麻醉前、麻醉诱导后及气管插管后用心率变异功率谱分析技术观察两组患者的HRV变化。结果麻醉诱导后,E组总功率（11P）和HRV低频（LF）[（756±535）ms^2／Hz和（316±301）ms^2／Hz],P组LF、HRV高频（HF）、LF／HF及TP[（187±168）ms^2]Hz、（89±48）ms^2／Hz、2．3±1．6和（616±462）ms^2／Hz]均较麻醉前显著降低（P〈0．05）;组间比较,麻醉诱导后,E组LF、HF、LF／HF及11P均显著高于P组（p〈0．05）。气管插管后,两组LF、HF、LF／HF及11P均较麻醉前显著升高（P〈0．05）;组间比较,气管插管后两组HRV各指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论丙泊酚在麻醉诱导时对老年冠心病自主神经功能的抑制作用强于依托咪酯;而对于气管插管引起的心血管反应而言依托咪酯和丙泊酚药效相似。     

依托咪酯或丙泊酚对老年冠心病非心脏手术围插管期心率变异性的影响

目的 研究依托咪酯和丙泊酚对老年冠心病患者行非心脏手术时在全身麻醉诱导气管插管期间心率变异性(HRV)的影响.方法将90例择期行中上腹部手术的老年冠心病患者随机分成依托咪酯组(E组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组各45例.分别于麻醉前、麻醉诱导后及气管插管后用心率变异功率谱分析技术观察两组患者的HRV变化.结果麻醉诱导后,E组总功率(TP)和HRV低频(LF)[(756±535)ms2/Hz和(316±301)ms2/Hz],P组LF、HRV高频(HF)、LF/HF及TP[(187±168)ms2/Hz、(89±48)ms2/Hz、2.3±1.6和(616±462)ms2/Hz]均较麻醉前显著降低(P<0.05);组间比较,麻醉诱导后,E组LF、HF、LF/HF及TP均显著高于P组(P<0.05).气管插管后,两组LF、HF、LF/HF及TP均较麻醉前显著升高(P<0.05);组间比较,气管插管后两组HRV各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论丙泊酚在麻醉诱导时对老年冠心病自主神经功能的抑制作用强于依托咪酯;而对于气管插管引起的心血管反应而言依托咪酯和丙泊酚药效相似.     

丙泊酚与依托咪酯麻醉对感染性休克患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 研究丙泊酚与依托咪酯对感染性休克围手术期患者免疫功能的影响.方法 选择2009年3月-2010年10月在医院临床诊断为感染性休克拟行手术病灶清除的患者78例,按患者接受手术次序进行分组:单号为丙泊酚组,双号为依托咪酯组,各39例;两组分别于麻醉诱导前、术毕及术后1、3、7d分别检测CD3+、CD4+、CD8+的百分率及CD4 +/CD8+比值.结果 两组患者基线资料具有可比性;与麻醉前相比较,两组患者手术结束时CD3+与CD4+的水平均较麻醉前显著降低(P＜0.05),其中,丙泊酚组下降更为显著(P＜0.05);术后1d两组患者的CD3+与CD4+的水平均开始回升,术后7d回升到麻醉前水平;两组间比较,术毕及术后1d丙泊酚组CD3+的水平显著低于依托咪酯组(P＜0.05);术毕、术后1、3d丙泊酚组CD4+的水平显著低于依托咪酯组(P＜0.05);与麻醉前及依托咪酯组相比较,丙泊酚组术毕、术后1、3d患者CD4 +/CD8+水平均显著降低(P＜0.05),分别为(1.1±0.5)、(1.3±0.9)、(1.4±0.4)％,于术后7d恢复至麻醉前水平.结论 感染性休克围手术 期使用依托咪酯对患者免疫功能影响较小.     

依托咪酯与异丙酚分别复合芬太尼在人工流产术中的应用对比

目的 观察对比依托咪酯复合芬太尼和异丙酚复合芬太尼在人工流产术中的疗效,寻求更为安全有效的人工流产术静脉麻醉方法。方法对2010年5月1号～2010年5月31号在笔者所在医院进行人T流产术的120例早孕妇女,随机分组并分别予静脉注射依托咪酯或异丙酚复合芬太尼进行静脉麻醉,观察麻醉效果、并发症、宫口松弛情况及出血量等指标;对术中呼吸、心率、血压、静脉注射时是否有注射痛、肌颤、血氧饱和度、术后呕吐、苏醒时间等指数进行分析对比。结果两组病例给药前后呼吸、心率、血压、血氧饱和度的差值以及两组病例的注射痛、肌颤发生率有显著差异（P〈0．01）。麻醉效果及离院时间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论依托咪酯麻醉效果确切,无注射痛,并对血压、呼吸影响较小。对伴有心血管疾病或呼吸系统疾病的患者可能更具有优越性。     

依托咪酯和丙泊酚泵注用于老年患者肠镜检查的应用比较

目的 研究依托咪酯和丙泊酚分别应用于老年患者结肠镜检查术的安全性和有效性.方法 方式120例ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级行结肠镜检查的老年患者分为三组,每组40例.随机分为：对照组（C组）未行麻醉处理;丙泊酚组（P组）和依托咪酯组（E组）.记录患者生命体征、不良反应、镇痛效果、患者及检查者满意度、镜检成功率等.结果 与C组和P组比较,E组呼吸、循环于各时点变化无差异（P＜0.05）,不良反应发生率低（P＜0.05）,P组和E组镇痛效果优于C组（P＜0.01）、镜检成功率及患者和检查者满意度均高于C组（P＜0.05）.结论 依托咪酯用于老年患者结肠镜检查术对患者循环、呼吸干扰小,不良反应少,患者及检查者满意度高,值得在临床推广应用.     

纤维支气管镜引导经鼻插管与喉镜明视插管对血流动力学和血氧饱和度的影响

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜(FOB)引导下经鼻气管插管与喉镜明视气管插管对血流动力学和动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)的影响.方法 将61例行气管插管机械通气的患者按随机数字表法分为观察组(31例)和对照组(30例),分别采用FOB引导下经鼻气管插管和喉镜明视气管插管,测定并记录两组患者在插管前1 min、插管即刻、插管后5 min的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)以及SaO2.结果 两组患者气管插管操作均获得成功,其中观察组用时(35.2±12.5)s,对照组用时(38.7±13.6)s,两组气管插管时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者在插管即刻的SBP、DBP和HR均较插管前1 min显著升高,SaO2则显著下降,而且观察组上述指标的变化幅度均显著小于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 FOB引导下经鼻气管插管对患者血流动力学及SaO2的影响较小,是一种比较安全的气管插管方法,值得临床推广应用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of nasal intubation guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and intubation guided by laryngoscope on hemodynamics and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2).Methods Sixty-one patients received tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation were divided into observation group (31 cases) and control group (30 cases) by random digits table who received FOB guided nasotracheal intubation and laryngoscope intubation respectively, the systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and SaO2 of all patients in two groups was measured and recorded 1 min before intubation, the intubation moment and 5 min after intubation. Results Patients in two groups were successfully intubated. The average time in observation group was (35.2 ± 12.5) s and in control group was (38.7 ± 13.6) s, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05);SBP, DBP and HR of two groups at the intubation moment increased significantly than that at 1 min before intubation, while SaO2 decreased significantly, and the rangeability of above indexes in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group, there were significant differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion FOB guided nasotracheal intubation has little effect on hemodynamics and blood SaO2, it is a safe method of endotracheal intubation and worthy of clinical application.