Action monitoring in children with or without a family history of ADHD - Effects of gender on an endophenotype parameter |
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Authors: | Björn Albrecht Daniel Brandeis Henrik Uebel Alexander Heise Aribert Rothenberger |
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Institution: | a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Germany b Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Germany c Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Switzerland d Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland e Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Erlangen, Germany f Heckscher-Klinik, München, Germany g German Institute for International Educational Research, Frankfurt/Main, Germany |
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Abstract: | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent and highly heritable disorder overrepresented in boys. In a recent study investigating boys only, we found that action monitoring deficits as reflected by certain behavioral and electrophysiological parameters were familially driven. As gender may also have an important impact, this was examined in the current study with nonaffected children aged 8-15 years having relatives suffering from ADHD (N = 37, 21 ♀) and with age-matched controls without family history of ADHD (N = 33, 11 ♀).Extending our previous findings that action monitoring is a potential endophenotype for boys with ADHD, familially driven deficits were confirmed independently of gender. Thus, despite sharing the phenotype with controls, nonaffected siblings showed ADHD-like impairments albeit of smaller magnitude. However, girls performed generally more accurately, which in turn may have produced the differences between nonaffected siblings and controls in affective error processing that were not present in our boys-only assessment. |
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Keywords: | ACC anterior cingulate cortex ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ERP event-related potential Ne error negativity or error-related negativity Nc negativity following correct responses Pe error positivity Pc positivity to correct responses |
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