青岛市过敏性疾病病儿过敏原皮肤点刺试验构成特征

目的探讨青岛市过敏性疾病儿童过敏原构成特征。方法对青岛市1 000例过敏性疾病病儿进行皮肤点刺试验,并对试验结果进行统计分析。结果1 000例病儿吸入过敏原皮肤点刺阳性率由高到低分别为屋尘螨70.4%,粉尘螨62.8%,真菌Ⅰ58.8%,真菌Ⅱ45.9%,晚春花粉41.7%,早春花粉41.6%,多价兽毛40.8%,菊花39.4%,禾本科植物36.7%,大麻35.6%,多价羽毛35.1%,夏秋花粉32.6%,玉米30.8%,杂草30.8%,刺槐30.3%,肠草28.9%,绵羊皮27.1%;食物过敏原点刺阳性率由高到低依次为花生40.2%,海虾40.1%,桃子37.5%,蚌类37.1%,鲤鱼37%,鳗鲡35.2%,鸡蛋33.2%,牛奶30.9%。对屋尘螨的皮试阳性率0~3、4~12、13~18岁病儿分别为63.8%、70.6%、75.8%;对海虾的皮试阳性率0~3、4~12、13~18岁病儿分别为30.8%、39.7%、52.4%;对鸡蛋的皮试阳性率0~3、4~12、13~18岁病儿分别为38.7%,30.8%,42.7%。结论青岛市过敏性疾病病儿皮肤点刺主要过敏原是粉尘螨、屋尘螨、真菌Ⅰ,随年龄的增长吸入过敏原皮肤点刺的阳性率有增高趋势;婴幼儿期主要食物过敏原为鸡蛋,而青春期主要食物过敏原为海虾。

COMPOSITION CHARACTERISTIC OF SKIN PRICK TESTING OF ALLERGIC CHINDREN IN DINGDAO

Objective To investigate the composition characteristic of allergens of allergic children in Qingdao. Methods Skin prick testing(SPT) was done in 1 000 children with hypersensitivity disease,the findings was analyzed statistically.Results According to the SPTs positive rate,the allergens in Qingdao,from high to low,were dermatophagoides(DP),70.4%;dermatophagoides culinae(DPC),62.8%;mould Ⅰ,58.8%;mould Ⅱ,45.9%;late spring pollen.41.7%;early spring pollen,41.6%;chrysanthemum,39.4%;grass,36.7%;marijuana,35.6%;feather,35.1%;summer and autumn pollen,32.6%;corn,30.8%;weed,30.8%;acacia,30.3%;intestinal grass,28.9%;sheepskin,27.1%;while the positive rates of food were peanut,40.2%;prawn,40.1%;peach,37.5%;mussel,37.1%;carp,37%;eel,35.2%;egg,33.2%,and milk,30.9%.The positive rates of DP in the age group of 0-3,4-12,and 13-18 years were 63.8%,70.6% and 75.8%,and that of prawn were 30.8%,39.7% and 52.4%,and that of egg were 38.7%,30.8% and 42.7%.respectively. Conclusion The top three allergens in Qingdao are DP,DPC,and mould Ⅰ.The postitive SPT of inhalant alergens increases along with the increase of age.In infancy,the main allergen is egg;in adolescence,the prawn.