阳离子油复合鞣制方法处理人工生物瓣膜生物材料的研究及临床应用

目的:本研究对牛心包瓣膜生物材料戊二醛鞣制与阳离子油复合鞣制方法进行了对比，从分子水平上对生物材料鞣制方法的机制进行了研究。方法：对牛心包生物材料进行组织学、超微结构和机械抗张强度测试。对比阳离子油复合鞣制牛心包和戊二醛鞣制牛心包组织的钙含量；用傅立叶红外光谱仪测定羧基含量；对牛心包生物瓣膜进行体外模拟疲劳实验台加速检测。结果：阳离子油复合鞣制牛心包瓣10年后扫描电镜观察，组织胶原纤维结构排列致密、整齐，细胞结构完整、牢固，钙化不明显。阳离子油复合鞣制组牛心包钙含量(2.87±0.32)μｇ/ｍｇ，戊二醛组牛心包钙含量(9.82±4.45)μｇ/ｍｇ，两者差异有统计学意义 (P＜0.05)。阳离子油复合鞣制组，收缩温度在86～90?℃时，牛心包生物材料最柔软，抗张强度19.9～25.8?Ｎ/ｍｍ2、撕裂强度92.3～112.7?Ｎ/ｍｍ2、延伸率43.4%～46.0%。阳离子油复合鞣制组，红外光谱图显示羧基（COOH-1）峰明显降低，而戊二醛鞣制组仍含有相当多的羧基。体外模拟加速疲劳实验台测试，牛心包瓣膜为3.8亿次，从受力疲劳方面能经受住大约10年的寿命。结论：应用阳离子油复合鞣制牛心包生物瓣膜，克服了戊二醛鞣制使生物组织变硬变脆及钙化缺陷，提高了生物组织的柔软度和强度，且有防钙化作用，能显著延长其使用寿命。

Compound tanning biological material with cation fat in artificial biovalve

To study the mechanism of tanning method of biological material on the molecular level by comparing the bovine pericardial valves by Glutaral tanning and by compound tanning with 1% cation fat. Methods: The histology, ultrastructure and mechanical tension resistance were tested. The content of calcium was detected in the bovine pericardial material by compound tanning with 1% cation fat and Glutaral tanning. The carboxyl content was determined with Fourier infrared spectrum instrument, and the bovine pericardial biovalve was tested with redo imitated accelerated weariness experiment platform. Results: Bovine pericardial valve by compound tanning with 1% cation fat showed firm structure under electron microscope in ten years. The collagenous fiber structure of the biological tissue arranged compactly and neatly, and the cell structure was intact. And calcification was not obvious. The content of calcium in the bovine pericardial biological material by compound tanning with 1% cation fat was lower than that by Glutaral tanning［(2.87±0.32)μg/mg vs (9.82±4.45) μg/mg］ (P＜0.05). The bovine pericardial biological material by the compound tanning was the most soft in the contracted temperature of 86 90?℃, tension resistance of 19.9 25.8?Ｎ/ｍｍ2, bent resistance of 92.3 112.7?Ｎ/ｍｍ2, and extending rate of 43.4% 46.0%. Fourier infrared spectrum chart showed that carboxyl peak reduced obviously in the compound tanning, while biological material tanning with Glutaral still had rather a lot of carboxyls. Redo imitated accelerated weariness test showed 3.8×109 cycles in the bovine pericardial valve. By estimation, the biovalves were going to last for about ten years. Conclusion: The bovine pericardial material fatified with 1% cation fat overcomes the shortcomings of hard, fragile and the calcification due to tanning with Glutaral. It not only increases the firmness and softness of the biological tissue, but also keeps it from calcification. Therefore, the biovalve′s life span is longer.