膀胱间质细胞与膀胱病理生理

膀胱间质细胞（interstitial cell，IC）是一种缺乏厚纤丝、致密体，且基底膜、粗面内质网和高尔基体不完整的细胞。IC分为四个亚型，即固有层IC、肌间IC、肌束间IC和血管周围IC。固有层IC和肌间IC的离子电流及相关激活途径不同，但最终都通过Ca2+信号途径作用于膀胱逼尿肌。膀胱病变可影响IC离子电流和Ca2+信号途径而导致膀胱功能障碍，这些膀胱病变包括膀胱出口梗阻、膀胱疼痛综合征、间质性膀胱炎、神经源性膀胱和糖尿病膀胱。目前以IC为靶点的治疗主要采用甲磺酸伊马替尼，电刺激针灸治疗是一个新的方向。

Bladder interstitial cells and pathophysiology

Bladder interstitial cell (IC) is a cell, which lacks thick filaments and dense bodies but with incomplete basement membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus. IC is divided into 4 subtypes: lamina propria IC, intramuscular IC, IC between the detrusor bundles and peri-vascular IC. There are different ion currents and related activation pathways in the lamina propria IC and intramuscular IC. Ca2+ signaling pathways play an important role in the communication between IC and detrusor. Any bladder lesions affecting the ion current and Ca2+ signaling pathways can lead to bladder dysfunction. The bladder lesions include bladder outlet obstruction, bladder pain syndrome, interstitial cystitis, neurogenic bladder and diabetes. Imatinib mesylate is currently an available treatment target in IC, and electrical stimulation of acupuncture therapy is a new direction.