人脐带来源的基质细胞分化为神经细胞

目的探索人脐带组织来源的基质细胞向神经细胞分化的可能性，为神经移植探寻新的细胞来源。方法采用组织块培养法培养人脐带基质细胞，酶消化法对细胞进行传代，应用免疫细胞化学的方法对细胞进行鉴定。结果从脐带组织成功培养出基质细胞，这种细胞可以随机分化为平滑肌细胞，表达平滑肌肌动蛋白；丹参注射液诱导基质细胞向神经细胞分化，分化的神经元样细胞具有典型的神经细胞的形态，早期表达巢蛋白、β-管蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶，后期表达神经微丝200；在合适的诱导条件下，分化的神经元样细胞的比例在90％左右，分化的细胞中星型胶质细胞的比例在1％左右，无髓鞘基础蛋白的表达，说明无少突胶质细胞产生。结论脐带组织来源的基质细胞可以表达神经细胞的标志物，在体外能够分化为形态复杂的神经元样细胞，这种细胞有可能成为神经移植的种子细胞。

Stromal Cells from Human Wharton's Jelly Differentiate into Neural Cells

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neural differentiating capability of the umbilical cord tissue-derived stromal cells (UCSCs) in the attempt to find a new cell source for neural transplantation. METHODS: UCSCs from umbilical cord of human were cultured with tissue piece method, passaged by trypsin digestion. And Salvia miltiorrhiza was used to induce the cells to differentiate. Cells were identified with immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Stromal cells that migrated from explants and primary culture were obtained. These cells could differentiate into smooth muscle cells spontaneously and expressed smooth muscle actin; they could be passaged by trypsin digestion. Salvia miltiorrhiza could induce these cells to differentiate into the neuron-like cells, which displayed typical neuron morphology, expressed nestin, beta III-tubulin and NSE at the early stage of differentiation, and were stained by anti-neurofilament 200 at the late stage of differentiation. With optimal conditions, about 90% of UCSCs expressed neuronal phenotypes, lower than 1% of the differentiated cells expressed GFAP, and no myelin basic protein expression was detected in the differentiated cells, indicating the absence of oligodendrocyte differentiation from stromal cells. CONCLUSION: The data supported the hypothesis that umbilical cord contains the stem cells with the ability of differentiating into neurons, which may provide an alternative stem cell source for CNS cell transplantation.