青木香与其替代药材土木香对大鼠肾脏毒性的研究

目的：评价青木香和土木香的毒性,为临床土木香替代青木香提供实验数据。方法：灌胃给予大鼠2.5 g·kg^-1的青木香或2.5 g·kg^-1的土木香,共6个月,停药恢复1个月。分别于药后第3,6个月和停药后1个月,测定大鼠的血液学、血生化等指标,并对肾脏、肝脏、胃和膀胱进行病理学检查。结果：青木香组大鼠肾脏出现严重的肾小管萎缩、坏死,尿素氮在3,6个月以及恢复期时分别达到9.17,12.69, 14.71 mmol·L^-1,尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)值在恢复期时高达31.85 U·L^-1,病理检查发现肝、肾均有坏死现象,胃和膀胱均发生癌变。而同剂量土木香组大鼠的血液生化没有出现明显的改变,组织器官也未发现明显病理改变。结论：青木香具有强烈的毒性,能损害大鼠的肾脏和肝脏,并引起胃和膀胱的肿瘤,不能在临床上继续使用；土木香在本试验中末显示有明显的肝、肾毒性。

Nephrotoxicity of Radix Aristolochice and it's substitution material Radix Inulae in rats

Objective: To evaluate the toxicity of Radix Aristolochiae and Radix Inulae, and to supply the toxicity experimental data that Radix Inulae supersedes Radix Aristolochiae in clinic. Method: A long dose of Radix Aristolochice and Radix Inulae was given intragastrically to rats for six months, then drug withdrawal for a month. The hematology and biochemical indicators were measured, and the pathologic changes of kidney, liver, stomach and urinary bladder were examined. Result: The rats of Radix Aristolochice showed serious toxic responses of renal tubule atrophy and necrosis, meanwhile, the levels of BUN, Cr and NAG were increased obviously. Hepatonecrosis, renal tubular necrosis, gastric carcinoma and bladder carcinoma were discovered with pathologic assaying. But the rats of Radix Inulae did not. Conclusion: Radix Aristolochiae could damage kidney and liver, and cause gastric carcinoma and bladder carcinoma by intensive toxicity. Radix Inulae could take the place of Radix Aristolochiae to use in clinic.