中国1984～2002年狂犬病流行情况及防制对策

目的 总结和分析中国1984～2002年狂犬病的流行情况，探讨流行回升的因素，分析目前防制过程中存在的问题，提出狂犬病的防制对策。方法 收集1984～2002年的全国狂犬病疫情监测资料及对部分省市的流行病学调查资料进行分析。结果 1984～1989年期间，狂犬病年发病数为4000～6000例。随后发病数开始下降，1996年下降到最低水平，由1990年的3520例下降到159例。但1998年以后发病数又开始持续上升，2002年全国报告发病数为1122例，比1996年增加了7．06倍。疫区主要分布在南方，如四川、湖南、广西、广东、安徽、福建等13个省份。发病的季节性也渐趋不明显。结论 养犬数增加，犬的免疫接种率低，疫苗质量及管理把关不严，伤后处理不及时、不规范，各部门之间缺乏协作等是狂犬病发病率回升的原因，因此加大以上各方面的管理是防制狂犬病的有效措施。

The epidemic situation of human rabies from 1984 to 2002 and its preventive measures in China

Objective To summarize and analyze the ep i demic situation of human rabies from 1984 to 2002 in China, and to explore the p ossible factors causing the increase of cases so as to provide evidence for prev entive and control measures. Method National and some provincial data on the prevalen ce of rabies during 1984 to 2002 were collected and analyzed. Results From 1984 to 1989, the annual reported cases were between 4 000 and 6 000 but decreased after 1990. In 1996, the reporte d cases decreased to the lowest level from 3 520 in 1990 to 159. However, n umber of reported cases has been continuously increasing since 1998 which reache d 1 122 in 2002, a 7.06 times increase as compared to the number in 1996 . The epidemic areas were mainly located in the southeast and southwest parts o f the country, such as Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Anhui, Fujian, etc. Furthermore, there was no significant seasonal distribution as it showed before . Conclusion Such facts as the increasing numbers of dogs, low inoculation rate to dogs, poor control on the quality of rabies vaccine, mistreatment to the wounds, and lacking good cooperation between different offi cial departments regarding rabies control might serve as important factors respo nsible for the recurrence of rabies. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the above mentioned points and to take comprehensive preventive measures to bring d own the prevalence of rabies in China.