玉林市1999～2005年狂犬病流行特征及分析

目的]分析玉林市1999～2005年狂犬病流行病学特征。方法]收集1999～2005年玉林市狂犬病疫情资料、2003～2005年狂犬病个案调查资料和2005年狂犬病监测点资料,用Excel2003软件进行统计分析。结果]1999～2005年玉林市共报告狂犬病348例;发病人群以5～14岁儿童和40～70岁农民为主,分别占24.71%和45.69%;发病以7～11月发病较多,占全年发病总数50.86%。调查205例病例个案,90.58%为犬伤所致;暴露后70.73%未作伤口处理,20.49%接种了狂犬疫苗,2.44%注射了抗血清或免疫球蛋白。2005年玉林市狂犬病监测点暴露治疗人群共7 491名,87.80%进行了伤口处理,100.00%的病人注射狂犬疫苗,7.08%进行了抗血清或免疫球蛋白注射;犬带毒率为13.25%,犬密度为13只/100人,犬免疫率为5.31%。结论]犬密度高,犬免疫率低,犬带毒率高;暴露后未按要求进行伤口处理、疫苗接种与抗血清或免疫球蛋白注射;门诊狂犬病暴露预防治疗不规范等可能是造成我市狂犬病流行的主要原因,针对流行原因提出了相应的防控措施。

ANALYSIS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES OF RABIES IN YULIN CITY DURING 1999-2005

Objective]To analyze the epidemiologic features of rabies In Yulin during 1999-2005.Methods]The epidemic situation data of rabies in Yulin during 1999-2005,the case investigation data of rabies during 2003-2005,and the surveillance data of rabies in 2005 were collected and analyzed by Excel 2003 software.Results]There were 348 cases of reported rabies in Yulin during 1999-2005.And the majority were children aged from 5 to 14 and peasants aged from 40 to 70,who accounted for 24.71% and 45.69% respectively.The cases mainly appeared from July to November,which accounted for 50.86% of cases in the whole year.Among the 205 investigated cases,90.58% were caused by dog's bite,70.73% did not receive the wound treatment after exposure,20.49% patients were immunized with rabies vaccine,and 2.44% received the injection of antiserum or immunoglobulin.According to the surveillance data,7491 rabies cases in 2005 in Yulin received exposure treatment,87.80% received the wound treatment,100% were immunized with rabies vaccine,and 7.08% were injected antiserum or immunoglobulin.Besides,the rate of virus carriers in dogs was 13.25%,the density of dogs was 13 per 100 people,and the immunization rate of dogs was 5.31%.Conclusions]It is suggested that the main causes of rabies epidemic in Yulin include high density of dogs,low immunization rate of dogs,high rate of virus carriers in dogs;no timely wound treatment,vaccine inoculation and injection of antiserum or immunoglobulin after exposure;as well as nonstandard treatment for outpatients.Based on these reasons,corresponding measures for control and prevention are proposed.