某沿海工业区周边海水及土壤的重金属污染状况调查

目的]了解某沿海工业区海水及土壤中重金属污染状况,提出减少环境污染的综合性建议,为制定该工业区环境保护的预防控制对策提供科学依据。方法]选取矿石码头、煤炭码头、原油码头、散杂货码头临近海域为海水监测点,以发展备用区临近海域为对照区,采集各监测点和对照区的浅层海水及深层海水;选取钢铁厂、电厂、矿石码头、煤炭码头、原油码头为土壤监测点,以发展备用区为对照区,采集各监测点及对照区的表层土壤。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定海水及土壤中As、Cu、Hg、Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni、Pb八种重金属元素含量,计算单项污染指数和综合污染指数。结果]各监测点浅层海水中Cu、矿石码头的Hg单项污染指数均大于1,深层海水中Cu、Hg也均大于1,该海域海水主要受到这两种重金属元素的污染。综合指数评价结果显示,各监测区域海水均受到轻度污染,其中原油码头的浅层海水指数最高,为1.40;对照区最低,为1.11;深层海水以矿石码头最高,为1.45;对照区最低,为1.10。所有监测点的单项土壤污染指数均小于1,均未超过标准。钢铁厂、电厂、煤炭码头综合指数分别为1.52,1.46,1.44,属轻度污染;原油码头综合指数为0.92,尚清洁;矿石码头与对照区清洁。结论]各监测区域海水均受到轻度污染;土壤较清洁。

Investigation of Heave Metals Pollution in Seawater and Soils around a Coastal Industrial Area

Objective] To learn the state of heavy metals pollution in seawater and soils around a coastal industrial area and put forward a comprehesive proposal to reduce environmental pollution,in order to provide scientific basis for establishing prevention and control measures.Methods] The sea offshores in a ore dock,coal dock,oil dock and bulk cargo dock were selected as water monitoring points.A sea offshore in a pre-developing spare area was selected as control.Water samples in shallow and deep were collected in monitoring points and the control area.An iron and steel industrial,power plant,ore dock,coal dock and oil dock were selected as soil monitoring points.A pre-developing spare area was selected as control.Surface soil was collected in the monitoring points and the control area.The concentrations of As,Cu,Hg,Zn,Cr,Cd,Ni,Pb were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）.The contamination situation of the monitoring points were evaluated by calculating single factor pollution index（PI）and integrated pollution index（IPI）.Results] In shallow water,the single factor pollution index of Cu in all monitoring points and Hg in ore dock were higher than 1.In deep water,the single factor pollution index of both Cu and Hg were higher than 1.It indicated that the seawater was mainly polluted by Cu and Hg.The assessment of integrated environmental quality index showed that all the monitoring points of seawater were slightly polluted.The integrated environmental index of shallow water in oil dock was 1.40,and it was higher than the others.The integrated environmental index of deep water in ore dock was 1.45,and it was higer than the others.The integrated environmental index of deep water in control plot was 1.10,and it was lower than others.The single factor pollution index of soil was lower than 1 suggesting that the concentrations of 8 heavy metals in all monitoring points were lower than the standards.The soils of the iron and steel industrial,power plant and coal docks were lightly polluted and the integrated environmental index were 1.52,1.46 and 1.44 respectively.The soils of oil docks were not polluted and the integrated environmental index was 0.92.The soils of ore dock and the control plot were clean.Conclusion] The seawater of monitoring points were polluted slightly.The soils of monitoring points were not polluted.