154名实习生锐器伤的调查及预防对策

目的了解新毕业医务人员实习期间诊疗工作中发生锐器伤情况,探讨预防减少锐器伤的有效措施。方法对2004-2006年154名实习生进行锐器伤及职业暴露预防教育回顾性调查。结果154名学生在校期间未接受职业暴露防护知识学习,实习期间91名接受锐器伤防护相关知识教育,各专业教育率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);受教育组83名中锐器伤62名,锐器伤发生率75.2%,未教育组71名中锐器伤64名,锐器伤发生率90.1%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);154名学生实习期间发生锐器伤126名,共585人次;锐器伤发生率为81.8%,平均每名受伤3.8次,其中>2次者占87.8%;学生实习期间锐器伤种类以药物安瓿伤为主,占35.0%,其次为注射器针头27.0%、输液针头22.0%。结论新毕业医护人员实习期间锐器伤发生率高,学生锐器伤的发生与职业暴露防护知识缺乏、技术操作不熟练、与锐器接触频率高密切相关,加强预防教育,规范操作行为、建立规范操作流程,是避免发生锐器伤的发生有效措施。

Injuries by Sharp Instrument and Preventive Measure: An Investigation among 154 Interns

OBJECTIVE To investigate the occurrence of injuries by sharp instrument among new medical staff and their preventive consciousness and measures.METHODS Through questionaires,one hundred and fifty four interns who graduated from 2004 to 2006 were surveyed retrospectively.RESULTS Of the new interns,126(81.8%)persons were injured 585 times by sharp instrument,87.8% of whom were injured twice.During the internship,83 persons had passed sharp instrument injury prevention training,and earned priorities in its prevention.In the group of 83 persons trained,59 persons(71.1%) were injured;in another group of 71 persons untrained,67 persons(94.4%) were injured,there was significant difference at the rate of injuries between two groups.Opening ampules,and manipulating needles of syringes or infusion devices were the three major causes due which sharp injuries happened,were accounted for 35%,27% and 22%.CONCLUSIONS New medical staff have high rate of the sharp instrument injuries during internship,the occurrences of injuries are mostly due to the inadequacy in consciousness,the inpreficiency in operating,the high rate of with sharp instrument.Therefore,to reduce the sharp instrument injuries,developing good operating habit;performing operating procedure conscientiously;using medical equipment which can prevent injuries are the effective measures.