2010-2013年四川省凉山州吸毒人群艾滋病监测分析

目的 分析四川省凉山州吸毒人群2010-2013年间的艾滋病流行趋势及其行为变化,探讨艾滋病传播的危险因素,为进一步开展针对性干预工作提供依据. 方法 按照国家艾滋病哨点监测方案,每年在同一时间、哨点采用同样的抽样方法对目标人群进行问卷调查,分析艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体及梅毒、丙型病毒性肝炎等检测结果,并调查其艾滋病知晓率、注射毒品、商业性行为等高危行为及安全套的使用. 结果 2010-2013年,凉山州各哨点吸毒人群艾滋病知晓率均有显著提高(P 0.01),最高的越西哨点平均达到94.5%.除甘洛(2=6.269, P=0.099)、西昌(2=7.413,P=0.067)外,吸毒人群的共用针具比例在凉山州的哨点有所降低.除美姑县吸毒人群的HIV感染率略有所下降(2=19.166,P 0.01),HIV感染率在其他不同哨点不同年度的变化不一. 结论 2010-2013年凉山州吸毒人群中艾滋病流行趋势进入平稳持续阶段,该人群中传播艾滋病的危险因素仍广泛存在.应提高防病意识,继续开展艾滋病防治宣传教育、美沙酮维持治疗、清洁针具交换和推广使用安全套等干预工作.

AIDS surveillance in injecting drug users in Liangshan,Sichuan, 2010-2013

Objective To understand the current status of AIDS prevalence and related risk behaviors among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Liangshan, Sichuan province, and provide evidence for the further intervention in this population. Methods According to the national AIDS sentinel surveillance protocol, questionnaire survey was conducted among IDUs selected by the same sampling method at same period every year to collect the information about their AIDS related knowledge awareness, injecting drug use, commercial sex/other high risk behaviors and condom use. HIV, Treponema pallidum and hepatitis C virus antibodies were detected too. Results From 2010 to 2013, the awareness of AIDS related knowledge among the IDUs in all the areas significantly increased (P 0.01), which was highest in Yuexi (94.5%). The proportion of IDUs sharing needles showed a significant downtrend in all the areas except Ganluo (2=6.269, P=0.099) and Xichang (2=7.413,P=0.067). The area specific HIV infection rate varied with year except the slight decline in Meigu (2=19.166,P 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of AIDS in IDUs was stable in Liangshan during 2010-2013, but the AIDS related risk behaviors were prevalent in this population. It is still necessary to continue the intervention among this population, including health education, methadone maintenance therapy, clean needle exchange program and condom use promotion.