维持性血液透析患者自主神经功能异常与透析中低血压的关系

目的以心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)为观察指标,分析维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者的自主神经功能异常与透析中低血压(intradialytichypotension,IDH)的关系.方法在透析过程中同步监测患者的血压和动态心电图,依据是否发生IDH将60例患者分为2组(血压下降组和对照组),比较2组的HRV指标,其中LFn代表交感神经活性,HFn代表迷走神经活性,LF/HF代表2者之间的平衡状态.以发生IDH为结果变量,以性别、年龄、透析龄、原发病是否糖尿病、心脏指数、中心血容量占体质量百分比、超滤量占体质量百分比和透析前LFn为预测变量,建立Logistic回归模型分析LFn对IDH的预测价值.结果对照组在透析过程中LFn水平和LF/HF比值逐渐升高,且升高趋势稳定(LFn中位数:透析开始时65.47nu,210min时73.79nu,P=0.001;LF/HF中位数:开始时2.17,210min时3.98,P＜0.001),HFn的水平则逐渐减低(HFn中位数:透析开始30.06nu,210min时19.43nu,P=0.002),而血压下降组的上述指标变化趋势不稳定,其中LFn在整个透析过程中都始终低于对照组.logistic回归模型显示,在校正了上述人口学特征和临床基础情况后,LFn对IDH的发生仍有预测价值,OR值为0.943(95%CI0.894～0.966).结论维持性血液透析患者交感神经活性在透析过程不能随血容量的下降持续、稳定的增高,与IDH的发生有密切关系;透析前交感神经活性的基础水平减低是IDH的独立危险因素,表明自主神经功能异常是导致透析中低血压的重要原因之一.

The correlation of autonomic dysfunction and intra-dialyttc hypotension in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To investigate the correlation between autonomic nervous system dysfunction and intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients by analyzing the heart rate variability (HRV). Methods Blood pressure changes were recorded and dynamic electrocardiography (Holter) was conducted in 60 MHD patients during a hemodialysis session. Patients were assigned into IDH group or control group. The difference in power spectra of HRV between the two groups was analyzed. The normalized lo...