血液透析患者性格特征的相关分析及护理对策

目的　探讨血液透析患者不同气质类型的性格特征与心理卫生状态的关系 ,从而为临床针对性的心理护理提供心理学依据。方法　采用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 ) ,艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)对10 0名血液透析患者进行问卷调查 ,并与国内常模比较 ,用SPSS8.0软件包作统计学处理。结果　患者组SCL - 90各项因子分都高于常模 ;患者组的SCL - 90各因子分与EPQ的神经质 (N)分比较有显著的正相关 ;焦虑、恐惧、偏执、精神病性与EPQ的精神质 (P)分呈正相关 ;除躯体与敌对因子外 ,SCL - 90各因子分与掩饰分 (L)呈负相关 ;不同气质组的SCL - 90各项因子分比较均有不同程度的统计学意义 ,胆汁质和抑郁质的患者组SCL - 90各项因子分均高于多血质和粘液质患者组。结论　血液透析患者均存在不同程度的心理问题 ,胆汁质和抑郁质患者组同多血质和粘液质患者组相比 ,心理健康状态更差 ,因此要重视血液透析患者不同气质类型的性格特征对疾病的影响 ,针对不同性格的患者采取不同的心理护理。

The Correlation Analysis of the Characteristics of Patients with Hemodialysis and the Strategies of Nursing Care

Objective To discuss the correlation of the characteristics and the mental health of the different temperamental patients with hemodialysis in order to provide psychological base for psychological nursing care. Methods We investigated 100 patients with hemodialysis using symptom self-evaluating form (SCL-90) and EPQ form, and compared the results with national common mode. Results The points of each SCL-90 element in patients group were higher than that of common mode. There was remarkable positive correlation between the points of each SCL-90 element and the points of EPQ nerve (N). There was positive correlation to compare the personalities of anxiety, fear, paranoid and the mental diseases with the points of EPQ mental personalities. There were negative correlation between the points of each SCL-90 element, except elements of body and antagonism, and the points of cover-up personalities. The points of each SCL-90 elements in patients group with choleric temperament and depressive temperament were higher than that in patients group with sanguine and mucous temperaments. Conclusions Patients with hemodialysis all have mental problems in different levels. The mental health of choleric and depressive temperamental group was worse than that of sanguine and phlegmatic temperamental groups. So we should pay attention to the influences caused by the characteristics of different temperaments on the diseases, and select aimed mental nurse care to the patients with different characteristic.