不同性别、年龄及不同骨骼部位骨质疏松检出率的比较

背景早期诊治骨质疏松( osteoporosis, OP)目前仍以骨密度( bone mineral density, BMD)的测定为标准.但在测定中随不同性别、不同年龄、骨骼不同部位的 OP检出率不同,有必要分析这种差别. 目的比较不同性别随增龄在骨骼不同部位骨质疏松检出率的不同. 设计以患者为研究对象的横断面调查. 单位一所军队炮兵总医院的内分泌科. 对象本研究在解放军第二炮兵总医院内分泌科完成.选择 2000- 09/2002- 01在本院门诊就诊的患者共 147例,其中男 54例,女 93例,年龄 50～ 78岁.按年龄分为 3组,即 50～ 59岁组、 60～ 69岁组和 70～ 79岁组,各组人数分别为 46例(男 13例,女 33例), 66例(男 26例,女 40例)和 35例(男 15例,女 20例).纳入标准①年龄≥ 50岁,女性均为绝经后;②符合 WHO推荐的 OP诊断标准 1].排除标准患肝、肾、心脏、胃肠道等脏器慢性疾病及糖尿病、甲亢等内分泌疾病引起的继发性骨质疏松者. 方法每个受试者详细填写病史调查表,准确测量身高和体质量,并计算体质量指数( kg/m2).应用本院新型 Norland Excell plus 双能 X线骨密度吸收仪( DEXA)测定每一受试者的 L2- 4及股骨近端(股骨颈、 Ward' s三角、大转子) BMD值( g/cm2).将所测值与同性别年轻成年人正常数据比较,得出 T评分(即 SD). 主要观察指标①不同性别、年龄、部位 OP检出结果比较;②年龄及体质量指数与 BMD的相关性. 结果女性更年期以腰椎 OP为主(χ 2=10.14,P< 0.01),随年龄增加腰椎和股骨颈均出现 OP的检出率增加 (χ 2=7.41,P< 0.05);男性 60岁以后以单纯股骨颈 OP增加明显(χ 2=9.11,P< 0.05);女性较男性更易患单纯腰椎 OP及腰椎和股骨颈均出现 OP(χ 2=8.04,P< 0.05;χ 2=14.26,P< 0.01);女性年龄与股骨颈、 Ward, s三角及大转子区 BMD有明显负相关( r=- 0.364,- 0.389,P< 0.01;r=- 0.504,P< 0.001);体质量指数与 L2～ 4、股骨颈和大转子 BMD有明显正相关( r=0.306,0.329,0.338,P< 0.05). 结论 OP的检出率随骨骼测量部位和年龄的变化而变化.正确认识和评价这些客观现象,对 OP的诊治具有重要意义.

Comparison of detection rate of osteoporosis in different sex,age and skeleton location

BACKGROUND:Bone mineral density(BMD) is still regarded as the standard of early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis(OP) at present.But it is found in detection that different sex,age and skeleton location have different OP detection rate,so it is necessary to analyze the difference. OBJECTIVE:To compare the difference of OP detection rate at different skeleton location between males and females with the increase of age. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study taking patients as the subjects. SETTING:Endocrine department of an artillery general hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 147 patients,including 54 males and 93 females, aged from 50 to 78 years old,who were hospitalized in our outpatient clinic from September 2000 to January 2002,were selected and divided into 3 groups according to age,50 to 59 years old group (n=46,13 males and 33 females),60 to 69 years old group (n=66,26 males and 40 females) and 70 to 79 years old group (n=35,15 accordance with the OP diagnostic criteria recommended by WHO1]. Exclusive criterion: secondary OP patients caused by chronic disease of liver,kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract and some endocrine disease such as diabetes,hyperthyroidism and so on. INTERVENTIONS:Every subject filled in the history questionnaire in detail.Height and body mass were measured accurately and body mass index(BMI) was calculated (kg/m2).A new type of Norland Excell plus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) was used to detect BMD(g/cm2) of L2- 4 and proximate femur(neck of femur, Ward's triangle,greater trochanter).The detected values were compared with the normal data of young adults of the same sex and the T value(SD) was obtained. RESULTS:OP in lumber vertebra was predominant in female climacteric(χ 2=10.14,P< 0.01),and the detection rate of OP in lumber vertebra and neck of femur increased with age(χ 2=7.41, P< 0.05).OP in simple neck of femur increased significantly in males after 60 yeas old(χ 2=9.11,P< 0.05). Females were more liable to suffer from OP in simple lumber vertebra and in both lumber vertebra and neck of femur(χ 2=8.04,P< 0.05;χ 2=14.26,P< 0.01).Age had significant negative correlation with BMD in neck of femur,Ward's triangle and great trochanter of females(r=- 0.364,- 0.389, P< 0.01;r=- 0.504,P< 0.001),while BMI was positively correlated with L2- 4,neck of femur and great trochanter significantly(r=0.306,0.329,0.338,P< 0.05). CONCLUSION:Detection rate of OP changes with skeleton detecting location and age.It is very significant to recognize and evaluate these objective phenomena correctly for the diagnosis and treatment of OP.