4 种麻醉药物对家兔手术的麻醉效果比较

目的 比较乌拉坦、戊巴比妥钠、异丙酚、硫喷妥钠4 种麻醉药物对实验家兔外科手术的麻醉效果。 方法 将12 只健康的实验家兔分为4 组，每组3 只，分别经耳缘静脉缓慢推注乌拉坦（20.0%，4 ml/kg）、戊 巴比妥钠（0.7%，1 ml/kg）、异丙酚（1.0%，1 ml/kg）、硫喷妥钠（2.5%，0.6 ml/kg）。记录各组呼吸频率、心 率、麻醉起效时间、麻醉维持时间、麻醉苏醒时间，并进行比较。结果 乌拉坦组、戊巴比妥钠组、异丙酚组、 硫喷妥钠组的麻醉起效时间分别为（6.4±0.8）、（9.0±0.6）、（7.7±0.3）和（3.1±0.5）min，麻醉维持时间分 别为（32.2±3.7）、（40.1±6.5）、（43.4±3.9）和（30.6±3.7）min，术后苏醒时间依次为（25.2±3.7）、（13.6±6.4）、 （12.1±3.9）、（5.1±1.4）min。结论 采用2.5% 硫喷妥钠对实验家兔进行麻醉起效最快；1.0% 异丙酚麻醉时 间最长，适用于较长时间观察的动物实验；20.0% 乌拉坦麻醉维持时间长，术后死亡率高，适用于实验要求不高， 术后要处死动物的实验。

Comparison of anesthetic effect of Urethane, Sodium pentobarbital, Propofol and Sodium thiopental in rabbits

Objective To compare the anesthetic effect of Urethane (ethyl carbamate), Sodium pentobarbital, Propofol and Sodium thiopental in rabbit surgery as appendectomy. Methods Twelve healthy rabbits were divided into 4 groups, with 3 in each group, the anesthesia drugs were slowly injected through their auricular veins. The rabbits in the group A were given Urethane (20.0%, 4 ml/kg), the rabbits in the group B received Sodium pentobarbital (0.7%, 1 ml/kg), the rabbits in the group C were given Propofol (1.0%, 1 ml/kg), and those in the group D received Sodium thiopental (2.5%, 0.6 ml/kg). The respiratory rate, heart rate, anesthetic onset time, duration of anesthesia, and anesthetic recovery time were recorded and compared among the 4 groups. Results In the groups A, B, C and D, the onset time was (6.4 ± 0.8), (9.0 ± 0.6), (7.7 ± 0.3) and (3.1 ± 0.5) min respectively; the duration of anesthesia was (32.2 ± 3.7), (40.1 ± 6.5), (43.4 ± 3.9) and (30.6 ± 3.7) min respectively; the postoperative recovery time was (25.2 ± 3.7), (13.6 ± 6.4), (12.1 ± 3.9) and (5.1 ± 1.4) min. Conclusions For surgical anesthesia of experimental rabbits, 2.5% Sodium thiopental has the fastest onset; 1.0% Propofol has the longest anesthetic time, is suitable for animal experiments requiring long-term observation; 20.0% Urethane has a long anesthesia maintenence time and high postoperative mortality, and is suitable for the experiments without high experimental requirements and the animals should be sacrificed after operation.