兔颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄动物模型的建立及病理学评价

目的建立兔颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型，采用病理学检查评价其可行性。方法健康雄性新西兰大白兔30只为手术组，予以1．5％胆固醇喂养1wk后氮气损伤右颈外动脉，以左颈外动脉为自身对照组，术后继续1．5％胆固醇喂养。15只兔于4wk后组织取材行病理学检查，另15只兔于8wk后行病理学检查。另取5只雄性新西兰大白兔为空白对照。结果胆固醇喂养后兔血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白较喂养前明显升高（P〈0．05）。4wk病理学检查示：右颈外动脉管壁区域性轻度增厚，管腔轻度狭窄。8wk病理学检查示：右颈外动脉管壁明显增厚，管腔狭窄较明显，5只右颈外动脉管完全闭塞；自身对照左颈外动脉无狭窄（P〈0．01）。空白对照组兔病理学检查未见动脉粥样硬化病变。结论氮气损伤加高脂喂养能有效地建立兔颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型，病变随时间进行加重。

The establishment of rabbit carotid artery stenosis animal model

Objective To establish rabbit carotid artery stenosis animal model, evaluate the feasibility by pathology. Methods 30 New Zealand White rabbits were randomized into two groups,4 weeks group and 8 weeks group. All rabbits were fed a diet of 1.5% cholesterol till the experimental endpoint.After 1 week.All animal＇s right external carotid artery （RECA） were injuried by nitrogen gas （150ml/min×15min）. Used the left external carotid artery （LECA） as own control group.Pathology was used to evaluate the stenosis of carotid arteries at 4- weeks and 8- weeks groups. Results The total serum cholesterol（TC）and low density lipoprotein（LDL-C） level were higher than pro-feeding time（P〈0.05）. 4- week group, pathological studies suggested that the lesions fell into the fatty streak and fibrous plaque period of the early atheromatosis, focal arterial wall thickening was present.Lumens showed light-stenosis.Fed for 8- weeks, the lesions were belong to the mature fibrous plaque-atheromatous plaque period.The entire arterial wall thickening was present.Remarkable lumens stenosis were observed. There were 5 total occluded arteries.No （P〈0.01） artherosc lerosis and stenosis were seen in the blank and own control groups.Conclusions The model of Rabbit carotid artery stenosis can be effective established by nitrogen gas injury and high cholesterol-feeding. The atherosclerotic lesions getting more and more severe as the feeding time went on.