我国公共卫生资源配置的公平与效率分析——基于HRAD和DEA的研究

目的:分析评价我国31个省市公共卫生资源配置的公平性及利用效率情况,为公共卫生资源规划提供参考和依据。方法:采用集聚度分析评价公共卫生资源配置情况,并利用数据包络分析探究公共卫生资源配置效率。结果:我国人口密集的经济发达省市公共卫生资源的集聚度大于或接近于1,与人口集聚度的差值大都小于0;人口较少的经济落后省市资源的集聚度小于1,与人口集聚度的差值大都大于0。公共卫生资源配置的综合技术效率均值为0.44,纯技术效率和规模效率的均值分别为0.74和0.64。结论:我国经济发达省市的公共卫生资源集聚度较高,但按人口分布其均衡性较差;对于经济落后的省市,其公共卫生资源的地理可及性较差。此外,我国公共卫生资源的配置效率相对较低,主要是由于资源配置的结构和比例不合理导致。

Analysis of equity and efficiency of public health resource allocation in China: Based on HRAD and DEA

Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the equity and utilization efficiency of public health resource allocation in 31 provinces and cities in China, and provides reference and basis for public health resource allocation planning. Methods: The allocation of public health resources was evaluated by cluster analysis and used data envelopment analysis was to explore the efficiency of public health resource allocation. Results: The degree of aggregation of public health resources in densely populated and economically developed provinces and cities were greater than or close to 1, and the difference with the population concentration was mostly less than 0. The degrees of aggregation in less economically backward provinces were less than 1, and the difference with the population concentration was mostly more than 0. The average technical efficiency of public health resource allocation was 0.44, and the mean of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were 0.74 and 0.64 respectively. Conclusion: The degrees of aggregation of public health resources in economically developed provinces and cities are higher, but the corresponding population is poorly distributed based on population distribution. For economically backward provinces and cities, the geographical availability of public health resources is poor. In addition, due to unreasonable resource allocation structure and proportion, public health resources configuration efficiency is relatively low.