鼻咽癌放疗引起急性放射性口腔黏膜反应的危险因素分析及护理对策

目的分析鼻咽癌放疗引起急性放射性口腔黏膜反应的危险因素及护理对策。方法选取2016年11月至2018年12月接受放疗的鼻咽癌患者150例,根据放疗后口腔黏膜反应的严重程度分为轻度组36例,重度组114例,将相关的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果轻度组吸烟、口腔卫生差、口腔pH≤7.0、未使用抗菌药物的比例较重度组低(P<0.05);吸烟、口腔卫生差、口腔pH≤7.0、未使用抗生素类药物是鼻咽癌放疗引起急性放射性口腔黏膜反应的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论吸烟、口腔卫生差、口腔pH≤7.0、未使用抗生素类药物是鼻咽癌放疗引起急性放射性口腔黏膜反应的独立危险因素,可通过勤漱口、清淡饮食、忌烟、保持口腔清洁度和pH、合理使用黏膜保护剂及抗生素类药物来改善。

Analysis on Risk Factors and Nursing Countermeasures of Acute Radioactive Oral Mucosal Reaction Caused by Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Radiotherapy

Objective To analyze the risk factors and nursing countermeasures of acute radioactive oral mucosal reaction caused by nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy. Methods A total of 150 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent radiotherapy from November 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled. According to severity of oral mucosal reaction after radiotherapy, they were divided into mild group(36 cases) and severe group(114 cases). Logistic regression analysis was performed on the related risk factors. Results The proportion of smoking, poor oral hygiene, oral pH not greater than 7.0, and no using antibiotics in the mild group was lower than that in severe group(P<0.05). Smoking, poor oral hygiene, oral pH not greater than 7.0, and no using antibiotics were independent risk factors of acute radioactive oral mucosal reaction caused by nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy(P<0.05). Conclusion Smoking, poor oral hygiene, oral pH not greater than 7.0, and no using antibiotics are independent risk factors of acute radioactive oral mucosal reaction caused by nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy. It can be improved by frequent mouthwash, light diet, avoiding smoking, maintaining oral cleanliness and pH, rational use of mucosal protective agents and antibiotics.