过敏原检测对儿童哮喘的临床意义

目的探讨皮肤过敏原点刺试验、血清过敏原检测对儿童哮喘诊断、治疗的临床意义。方法应用粉尘螨及屋尘螨过敏原对120例哮喘患儿进行皮肤点刺试验，其中61例哮喘患者应用进行血清过敏原检测。结果（I）120例哮喘患者尘螨过敏原皮肤点刺试验总阳性率为33．33％，高于对照组（P〈0．05）。（2）粉尘螨过敏原阳性35例（29．17％）；屋尘螨过敏原阳性3I例（25．81％）。（3）粉尘螨及屋尘螨过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果与哮喘急性发作严重程度有关。（4）61例哮喘患者血清过敏原检测阳性48例（78．69％），其中狗毛11例（18．03％），猫毛10例（16．40％），粉尘螨17例（27．87％），屋尘螨15例（24．59％），海鲜组合12例（19．67％）。（5）皮肤点刺试验与血清过敏原检测的尘螨过敏原检出率，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论皮肤点刺试验可作为检测儿童哮喘过敏原的方法之一。

Clinical Significance-of Allergen Detection in Children with Asthma

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of skin prick test and serum allergen test in children with asthma. Methods A total of 120 children with asthma and 110 controls were recruited for skin prick test with dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. At the same time, serum allergen test was done by immune strap mark experiment in 61 of the children with asthma. Results （ 1 ） The total positive rate of skin prick test of the 120 children with asthma was 33.33% , significantly higher than that of the controls （ P 〈 0.05 ）. （ 2 ） The positive rate of dermatophagoides farinae was 29.17%, while the positive rate of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was 251 81%. （ 3 ） Results of dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by skin prick test were related to the grades of asthma. （4） The positive rate of serum allergen test of the 61 children with asthma was 78.69%, including reaction to clog hair （ 18.03% ）, cat hair （ 16.40% ）, dermatophagoides farinae （ 27.87% ）, dermatophgoides pteronyssinus （24.59%）, and sea foods （19.67%）. （5） There was no statistically significant difference between the positive rates of skin prick test and serum allergen test, Conclusion Skin prick test can be used as the first screening test to check the allergens in children with asthma.