15岁以下人群乙型肝炎病毒感染及免疫现状调查分析

目的：了解静宁县15岁以下人群乙肝疫苗接种现状、乙肝病毒标志物的分布情况及影响因素，为采取进一步控制措施提供依据。方法：采取整群分层随机抽样的方法，抽取本辖区7个乡镇的15岁以下的1260人作为调查对象，检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc等HBV感染标志物，以问卷和查验预防接种证或卡片的方式对乙肝疫苗接种率进行调查。结果：15岁以下人群HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc阳性率分别为0.95%、78.97%、5.16%，HBV感染率为6.98%。HBsAg、抗-HBc阳性率和HBV感染率随年龄增长而升高（P〈0.05）。15岁以下人群乙肝疫苗全程接种率为90.95%，随年龄的增加而逐渐降低（χ2趋势=60.569，P=0.000）。结论：15岁以下人群HBV感染率已处于较低水平，乙肝保护性抗体水平随年龄的减小而升高；乙肝疫苗接种是乙肝病毒感染的保护因素，年龄是乙肝病毒感染的危险因素。

Study of distribution of hepatitis B virus infection and immunization on children under 15 years old

Distribution and relative fators of hepatitis B vaccination and marker of hepatitis B virus were observed in children under 15 years old, which provide scientific data for prevention. Methods：Cluster sampling and stratified random sampling were used to selected 1260 individuals under 15 years old from 7 towns for study in which HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and other HBV infection markers were respectively detected,and questionnaire investigation, examination of vaccination certificate or card were used to assess hepatitis B vaccination rate. Results：HbsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc positive rates and HBV infection rate in children under 15 years old respectively were 0.95%, 78.97%, 5.16%and 6.98%, which was increased with age（P〈0.05）. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage rate was 90.95%, which was reduced with age（χ2=60.596, P=0.000）. Conclusion：HBV infection rate is a lower level in children under 15 years old. Levels of protective antibodies to hepatitis B are reduced with age. Hepatitis B vaccination is a protective factor for hepatitis B virus infection, but age is a risk factor.