海南省贫困地区婴幼儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种及表面抗原携带状况调查

目的：为了解海南省贫困地区儿童乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗接种及乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg)携带状况，为制定贫困地区乙肝疫免疫应用策略提供依据。方法：调查儿童用标准组群抽样（PPS）方法，检测HBsAg用ELISA方法。结果：贫困地区5岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗全程接种率为39．9％，HBsAg携带率为9．4％，接种乙肝疫苗能有效降低HBsAg携带率，接种疫苗较未接种儿童的HBsAg携带率低72．5％，不同接种率地区的HBsAg携带率不同，两个市县间，城镇与农村间的接种率及HBsAg携带率均存在显性差异，导致乙肝疫苗接种率低的主要原因为收费过高和不知道要接种。结论：给新生儿接种乙肝疫苗能有效地降低儿童的HBsAg携带率，降低乙肝疫苗接种费用，加强乙肝防治知识的宣传是提高贫困地区乙肝疫苗接种率的必要措施。

Survey on the status of immunization of Hepatitis B vaccine and HBsAg carrying condition in children under 5 years old in poor area of Hainan Province

ve To understand the status of immunization in children of with Hepatitis B vaccine and HBsAg earring condition in poor area of Hainan Province, and provide basis for drawing up the strategy of immunization of Hepatitis B vaccine in poor area. Methods The PPS sampling method was applied to investigate the target children; The ELBA method was used to detect HBsAg. Results The result showed that the full -course immunization rate of Hepatitis B vaccine was 39.9% , and the HBsAg carrying rate was 9.4% in poor area. The immunization of Hepatitis B vccine can lower the HBsAg carrying rate in children. The carrying rate of the immunized children with HB vaccine was 12.5% lower than the children not vaccinated. The difference of HBsAg carrying rates between different areas of various coverage rates was obvious. The coverage rates and HBsAg carrying rates between cities, townships and villages was significantly different, and there was no obvious difference between boys and girls. The causes of low vaccination rates of Hepatitis B vaccine was expensive cost and unavailability of the knowledge of vaccination. Conclusion The result showed that immunization of Hepatitis B vaccine in newly born babies could lower HBsAg carrying rate in children efficiently. Thus, to reduce the cost for inoculation of Hepatitis B vaccine and strengthen the health education are necessary for increasing the vaccination rate in poor area.