江西省蔬菜中重金属污染状况调查及评价

目的 了解江西省市售蔬菜中重金属的污染状况，评估经蔬菜途径摄入重金属的健康风险。方法 2012-2017年在全省范围内采集9类蔬菜共1533份，检测其铅、镉、砷、汞含量，采用单项污染指数及综合污染指数评价不同蔬菜中各重金属的污染状况，并对其健康风险进行评估。结果 9类蔬菜铅、镉、砷和汞的超标率分别为2.22%、1.40%、0.35%和0.91%，平均含量分别为0.046、0.022、0.042和0.0015 mg/kg；叶菜类铅、镉和汞的平均值和P95值最高，其中小白菜/青菜污染较为严重。9类蔬菜的单项和综合污染指数均处于安全、清洁水平；居民日常经蔬菜摄入各重金属的健康风险处于可接受水平。结论 江西省市售蔬菜总体上受重金属污染程度较轻，但部分蔬菜受铅和镉污染相对突出，应继续加强监测和控制。

Heavy metal pollution in vegetables,Jiangxi Province

To understand the pollution status and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in vegetables in Jiangxi Province, and to evaluate the health risk of heavy metal intake through vegetable routes. Methods From 2012 to 2017, 1533 pieces of 9 kinds of vegetables were collected in the whole province, and the contents of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury were detected. The pollution status of heavy metals in different vegetables was evaluated by single factor contaminant index and comprehensive contaminant index, and the health risk was assessed. Results The exceeding standard rates of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in 9 categories of vegetables were 2.22%, 1.40%, 0.35% and 0.91%, and the average content was 0.046, 0.022, 0.042 and 0.0015 mg/kg, respectively. The average value and P95 value of lead, cadmium and mercury in leafy vegetables were the highest, among which the pollution of Chinese cabbage/green vegetables was more serious. The single factor contaminant index and comprehensive contaminant index of 9 categories of vegetables was at a safe and clean level. The health risks of residents’ daily intake of heavy metals through vegetables were at an acceptable level. Conclusion On the whole, the vegetables in Jiangxi Province are less polluted by heavy metals, but some vegetables are more prominently contaminated by lead and cadmium, and monitoring and control should be strengthened.