北京市城乡乳母的营养状况、乳成分、乳量及婴儿生长发育关系的研究 Ⅰ.乳母营养状况、乳量及乳中营养素含量的调查

对北京市189名乳母(城区80,近郊58,远郊64名)进行了膳食调查及24小时泌乳量、乳中蛋白质、脂肪和乳糖含量的测定。结果表明,这三个地区的乳母的热能及蛋白质的摄取量是适宜的。城区乳母的脂肪摄取量高于远近郊区。铁、硫胺素和尼克酸的摄取量均高于我国的RDA(推荐膳食供给量)。维生素A的摄取量占RDA的46～88％。钙的摄取量很低,仅占RDA的23～42％。城区、近郊及远郊区乳母产后6个月泌乳量每天分别为689±149,784±156及778±163g。三个地区的母乳中蛋白质含量平均皆为1.2g/100g,但脂肪含量不同,分別为3.8±0.14、3.3±0.20和3.1±0.16g/100g,城区母乳中脂肪含量显著高于远近郊区。三个地区母乳中乳糖含量无明显差別,为7.8±0.6,7.5±0.9及8.1±0.7/g100g。北京市三个地区乳母的热能及蛋白质的摄取量是适宜的。泌乳量,乳中蛋白质及乳糖含量三个地区亦无明显差別。

STUDIES ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF LACTATING MOTHERS AND MILK COMPOSITION AS WELL AS THE MILK INTAKE AND GROWTH OF THEIR INFANTS IN BEIJING 1. Observations on effects of the nutritional status of lactating mother on breast-m

A cross sectional study on the diet of 189 lactating women (80 in urban, 58 in suburban and 51 in rural areas) and their 24-hour breastmilk output, protein, fat, lactose and energy contents during the first six months after delivery was carried out in Beijing. The results showed that the nutrient intakes of these mothers, namely energy, protein, fat, iron, thiamin and ni-acin, were adequate according to the Chinese RDA. While the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B2 and calcium were generally low, only 46-88%,47-74% and 23-42% of the RDA respectively. The average breastmilk output of these mothers were among that of mothers in the well developed countries, being 689, 784 and 778 g per day for the urban, suburban and rural mothers respectively. The protein contents of breastmilk was around 1.2g/100g of milk for the three areas; the fat contents was significantly higher for urban mothers, being 3.8g/100g, than that of the suburban (3.3g/100g) and rural (3.1g/100g) mothers; there was no significant difference in lactose contents of the breastmilk (being 7.8, 7.5 and 8.1g/100g milk for the urban, suburban and rural areas respectively). It may conclude that the nutritional status of these mothers was generally good, the breastmilk output was satisfactory for the infant growth during this period. The present study also indicates that the nutritional status of these mothers may have no direct influence on the breastmilk secretion and the milk nutrient contents.