布拉酵母联合小剂量红霉素对功能性消化不良患儿血清胃动素及胃泌素的影响

目的研究布拉酵母联合小剂量红霉素对功能性消化不良患儿血清胃动素、胃泌素的影响。方法以某医院2017年8月—2018年10月收治的90例功能性消化不良患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字法将所有患儿分为对照组(n=45)、观察组(n=45)。对照组应用小剂量红霉素对患儿进行治疗,观察组在小剂量红霉素的基础上联合布拉酵母治疗。结果观察组恶心、呕吐、嗳气、腹胀及疼痛评分[(7.68±1.78)分、(6.42±0.92)分、(8.21±1.25)分、(8.34±1.33)分、(7.24±1.63)分]均低于对照组[(10.34±1.09)分、(9.42±1.18)分、(12.71±1.43)分、(13.70±1.36)分、(15.39±1.56)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后血清胃动素为(281.16±45.81)ng/L、胃泌素为(182.65±16.81)ng/L,高于对照组,总有效率(97.78%)高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论布拉酵母联合小剂量红霉素对功能性消化不良患儿治愈率显著,与其提高患儿胃动素、胃泌素的水平相关。     

顺气通腑合剂对腹部术后患者胃肠运动功能的影响

目的 观察顺气通腑合剂对腹部手术后胃肠运动功能恢复的促进作用,并探究其作用机制。方法 将62例腹部手术患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组患者按受术后常规治疗,治疗组患者加服顺气通腑合剂,连用3～5 d。观察两组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排气时间、首次排便时间;并测定患者血浆胃动素（motilin,MTL）、P物质（substance P,SP）和生长抑素（somatostatin,SS）水平的变化。结果 治疗组患者肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排气时间、首次排便时间均明显少于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组患者术后MTL、SP含量均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,SS水平较治疗前显著下降（P<0.05）;对照组治疗后SP水平较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）。治疗组治疗后SP和MTL变化率显著大于对照组（P<0.05）,两组治疗后SS变化率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 顺气通腑合剂对腹部术后胃肠运动功能的促进作用与其调节血浆胃肠激素有关。     

“肝病实脾”法对ACLF大鼠内毒素血症的影响

目的以解毒化瘀法为对照,研究"肝病实脾"法之解毒化瘀、益气健脾法对慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)大鼠胃肠动力学及内毒素血症的影响。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、对照组(解毒化瘀)及实验组(解毒化瘀+健脾),采用牛血清白蛋白致敏建立免疫性肝纤维化大鼠模型,然后用D-氨基半乳糖(D-gal)腹腔注射急性攻击建立慢加急性肝衰竭大鼠模型。实验组在牛血清白蛋白攻击的同时用中药健脾颗粒至处死前7 d加用解毒化瘀颗粒进行灌胃治疗,对照组在处死前7 d用解毒化瘀颗粒灌胃治疗进行对照。正常组在腹腔注射生理盐水后处死,其余各组于造模后处死,检测各组大鼠门静脉内毒素、胃动素水平、胃残留率及小肠推进率。结果模型组门静脉内毒素水平较正常组显著升高(P<0.01),胃动素水平下降(P<0.01),胃内残留率显著增加、小肠推进率降低(P<0.01);实验组在造模后观察指标与模型组比较,门静脉内毒素水平降低(P<0.01),胃动素水平升高(P<0.01),胃内残留率显著降低、小肠推进率提高(P<0.01);实验组在造模后各观察指标与对照组比较,门静脉内毒素水平降低(P<0.01),胃动素水平升高(P<0.01),胃内残留率降低(P<0.05)、小肠推进率提高(P<0.01)。结论 ACLF大鼠模型胃动素及胃肠动力存在异常,增强胃肠动力提高胃动素水平,改善肠源性内毒素血症(IETM)是"肝病实脾"法治疗ACLF作用机制之一。     

通乐颗粒治疗慢性功能性便秘阴虚肠燥证临床研究

目的:观察通乐颗粒治疗慢性功能性便秘(chronic functional constipation,CFC)阴虚肠燥证的疗效及对血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和胃动素(motilin,MTL)的影响。方法:114例功能性便秘阴虚肠燥证患者按数字表随机分为治疗组57例和对照组57例。对照组参照《中国慢性便秘诊治指南》制定标准给予治疗;治疗组内服通乐颗粒每次12 g,2次·d-1;所有患者均给予4周治疗。比较两组中医临床症状评分和主要临床症状评分;检测两组血清SOD和MTL水平。结果:治疗组治疗后中医临床症状积分均显著低于对照组(P0.01);治疗组临床有效率为98.25%,对照组有效率为82.46%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组治疗后主要症状评分均低于同期对照组(P0.01);治疗组治疗后SOD和MTL水平均明显高于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:通乐颗粒治疗CFC阴虚肠燥证可明显改善临床症状,提高临床疗效,升高血清SOD和MTL。     

Effect of cisplatin on myoelectric activity of the stomach and small intestine in dogs

The effect of cisplatin on interdigestive myoelectric activity (IDMA) of the gastric antrum, duodenum and jejunum, plasma concentration of motilin, and animal behavior was studied in seven conscious dogs with gastric cannulas and platinum electrodes implanted on the serosal surface of antrum and upper small intestine. Cisplatin given intravenously in a dose of 2 mg/kg resulted in complete interruption of IDMA and produced predominantly phase II-like activity, lasting as long as 24 hr. Six of the seven dogs exhibited retropropagation of spike bursts from the jejunum to the antrum which was accompanied by emesis. Retropropagation of spike bursts did not occur in one dog who did not exhibit emesis. In addition, abnormal spike bursts occurred frequently, including simultaneously occurring spike bursts in both duodenum and jejunum and nonpropagating short spike bursts in isolated segments of the upper small intestine. As phase III of IDMA disappeared, plasma motilin concentrations remained comparable to those in phase II of normal IDMA but without the cyclic increases. These studies indicate that cisplatin interrupts the regular cycle of IDMA as well as the plasma motilin cycle and produces retropropagation of spike bursts and abnormal spike bursts. These changes in both motility and plasma motilin levels may play a part in the mechanism of emesis induced by cisplatin in dogs.This work was supported in part by The Genesee Hospital Gastrointestinal Research Fund and by U.S. Public Health Service Research Grants CA11198 and CA11083.     

Gastrointestinal peptide hormones during postoperative ileus

The hypothesis was that postoperative ileus might be caused by a disturbed balance between the motor-stimulating hormones, motilin and substance P, and the motorinhibitory hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and that octreotide might prevent this disturbance and so ameliorate the ileus. In 15 conscious dogs with chronic gastro-intestinal electrodes, electrical activity was recorded and blood was drawn for radioimmunoassay of motilin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) during fasting and after a liquid meal. Ileus was then induced by celiotomy and intestinal abrasion. During and after operation, five dogs received 154 mM NaCl only, five dogs octreotide, 0.19 µg/kg/hr, and five octreotide, 0.83 µg/kg/hr. Plasma levels of motilin, substance P, and VIP were changed little by operation, but cyclical increases in plasma motilin, which occurred preoperatively during phase III of the interdigestive myoelectric complex, were completely abolished postoperatively during ileus, as was the complex itself. Octreotide ameliorated the ileus and restored the interdigestive complexes, but it decreased plasma motilin and did not restore the cyclic increases in motilin found in health, nor did it alter plasma substance P and VIP. In conclusion, octreotide ameliorates postoperative ileus, but it does not do so by increasing plasma motilin or substance P or decreasing plasma VIP.This work was supported by USPHS NIH grants DK18278 and DK07198, a grant from Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, and the Mayo Foundation.An abstract of this work has been published inGastroenterology 103:1382, 1992, and was presented at the biennial meeting of the American Motility Society, September 13–17, 1992, in Lake Tahoe, California.     

枳实消痞丸不同剂型治疗功能性消化不良的临床研究

[目的]了解功能性消化不良（FD）的临床分型及枳实消痞丸方不同剂型治疗FD的临床疗效。[方法]以西沙必利作为对照，运用枳实消痞丸3种剂型（饮片、合煎冲剂、分煎冲剂）治疗FD患者，并观察该方对患者迷走神经张力、血浆胃动素（MOT）水平及食管收缩功能的影响。[结果]各剂型组总有效率与西沙必利组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但不良反应少见；各组药物均能显著减少治疗后各症状出现的百分比。该方能显著提高患者迷走神经张力及血浆MOT水平（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），改善食管收缩功能；其3种剂型间的疗效亦未见显著差别。[结论]枳实消痞丸方能明显改善FD患者的临床症状，提高患者迷走神经张力及血浆MOT水平，改善食管下括约肌收缩功能。     

鞘内注射阿片复合纳洛酮对切口痛大鼠痛行为学及血浆胃动素的影响

目的观察鞘内注射吗啡、芬太尼复合小剂量纳洛酮对切口痛大鼠痛行为学及血浆胃动素(MTL)的影响。方法取鞘内置管成功的健康雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为6组(n=12):生理盐水(NS)组,切口痛(P)组,吗啡(5μg/kg)+芬太尼(0.25μg/kg)组(MFP组),吗啡+芬太尼+纳洛酮1(0.2 ng/kg)、2(1 ng/kg)、3(5 ng/kg)组(MFPN1、2、3组)。后5组行足跖肌切口。各组取其中6只于鞘内置管前24 h(T0)、造模前24 h(T1)、术后1 h(T2)、3 h(T3)、6 h(T4)、24 h(T5)、48 h(T6)、72 h(T7)检测机械缩足阈值(PWMT)与热缩足反射潜伏期(PWTL),剩余6只于术后6h即刻断头处死,取血浆以ELISA法检测MTL浓度。结果 MFPN2组与NS组各时点PWMT差异无统计学意义,而与NS组相比,T2、T5时点PWTL上调(P<0.05),其余各时点差异无统计学意义。P组、MFPN3组与NS组比较,T2、T3、T4时点PWMT、PWTL显著下调(P<0.05)。而MFPN3组与P组比较,T6时点PWMT及T3、T4时点PWTL下调更为显著(P<0.05)。P、MFP、MFPN1、MFPN3组与NS组比较,术后6 h MTL表达下调(P<0.05)。而MFPN2与NS组MTL表达差异无统计学意义。结论鞘内注射1 ng/kg纳洛酮抑制了吗啡+芬太尼对切口痛大鼠血浆MTL表达的影响,并能上调大鼠热辐射痛阈值,增强了阿片类药物的镇痛效果。