Cytotoxic and Antimetastatic Activity of Hesperetin and Doxorubicin Combination Toward Her2 Expressing Breast Cancer Cells

Objective: This study aimed to explore Hesperetin (Hst) potency as a co-chemotherapeutics agent combined with Doxorubicin (Dox), particularly cytotoxic and antimetastasis effects toward MCF-7/HER2 cells. Methods: The cytotoxic effects were measured under MTT assay. The flowcytometry analysis was used to examine the cell cycle modulation and apoptosis evidence, while the effect of migration was assayed by scratch wound healing assay. Western blotting and gelatin zymography were carried out to examine the expression level of proteins, HER2, and Rac1. Results: Under MTT assay, Hst and Dox exhibited to decrease cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 value of 377 and 0,8 µM, respectively. The combination of Hst and Dox at the respective doses of 95 and 0,2 µM showed a synergistic effect with the combination index of 0,63. Flow cytometry analysis of Hst-Dox revealed that those compounds caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Hst also decreased HER2 and Rac1 expression, as shown by western blot. Hst inhibited lamellipodia formation and cell migration, as indicated by microscopic observation and wound healing scratch assay. The antimetastatic activity of Hst was associated with the reduction of Rac1 and MMP9 expression as measured by gelatine zymography assay. Conclusion: These results indicated that the combination of Hst and Dox-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, decreased HER2, Rac1, MMP9 expression, and cell migration. Thus, Hst may have the potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapeutic agent combined with doxorubicin toward HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells.     

铁皮石斛醋酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

目的进一步研究铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale活性醋酸乙酯部位的化学成分。方法运用大孔树脂、MCI、硅胶、凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)、ODS等柱色谱、制备薄层色谱及制备高效液相色谱法等分离技术,进行化合物的分离纯化,根据~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、MS等波谱数据和理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。结果从铁皮石斛乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位分离得到了34个化合物,分别鉴定为moscatin(1)、黑麦草内酯(2)、柚皮素(3)、橙皮苷(4)、甘草素(5)、2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-l-propanol(6)、异甘草素(7)、(E)-4-hydroxycinnamicacid(8)、(Z)-4-hydroxycinnamicacid (9)、 coniferylp-coumarate (10)、 sinapylp-coumarate (11)、 tinosporaicacidA (12)、N-trans-coumaroyltyramine(13)、N-trans-feruloyltyramine(14)、丁香脂素(15)、pinoresino(l16)、梣皮树脂醇(17)、lirioresionol(18)、2(5H)-Furanone5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-pentyl(19)、丁香酸(20)、十六烷酸(21)、对羟基苯甲酸(22)、对羟基苯甲醛(23)、阿魏酸(24)、二氢松柏醇(25)、十七烷(26)、4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基反式肉桂醛(27)、dihydro-p-cinnamic acid(28)、(+)-(4S)-(2E)-4-羟基-2-壬烯酸(29)、1,3-benzenediol(30)、对羟基苯酚(31)、水杨酸(32)、对羟基苯乙酮(33)和香草醛(34)。结论化合物2首次从石斛属植物中分离得到,化合物3～7均为首次从铁皮石斛中分离得到。     

Hesperetin induces an apoptosis-triggered extrinsic pathway and a p53- independent pathway in human lung cancer H522 cells

We studied the chemoprevention property of hesperetin on H522 cells using MTT, an apoptosis assay, an analysis of cell cycle progression, and the mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptotic marker gene expression was determined using quantitative PCR. Hesperetin enhanced apoptotic cell death and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in H522 cells. Hesperetin up-regulated the levels of Fas, FADD, and caspase-8 expression and downregulted the levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9, p53, and Bax expression in H522 cells. This study shows that hesperetin induces apoptosis in H522 cells via a pathway independentof p53 and Bax but triggers the death-receptor Fas-initiated FADD/ caspase-8-dependent apoptotic pathway.     

Inhibition of Atherosclerotic Plaque Development by Oral Administration of α-Glucosyl Hesperidin and Water-Dispersible Hesperetin in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Objective: Hesperidin, an abundant flavonoid in citrus fruit, and its aglycone, hesperetin, have been reported to possess various physiological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive activities. In this study, we investigated whether α-glucosyl hesperidin and water-dispersible hesperetin have protective effects on atherosclerotic progression in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apo-E KO) mice.

Methods: Ten-week-old male Apo-E KO mice were randomly assigned a regular high-fat diet, a high-fat diet with 0.5% α-glucosyl hesperidin, or a high-fat diet with 0.1% water-dispersible hesperetin for 12?weeks. Measurement of plasma total cholesterol levels, histological staining of aortic root, and immunohistochemistry for macrophages were performed to evaluate atherosclerotic plaque formation. Vascular reactivity of mouse aortic rings was also measured.

Results: Both α-glucosyl hesperidin and water-dispersible hesperetin reduced plasma total cholesterol level. They also reduced plaque formation area, adipose deposition, and macrophage infiltration into atherosclerotic lesion. Vascular-endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine was improved in both experimental diet groups compared to the high-fat diet group.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that both α-glucosyl hesperidin and water-dispersible hesperetin exert protective effects on atherosclerotic progression in Apo-E KO mice because they exhibit hypolipidemic activity, reduce inflammation through macrophages, and prevent endothelial dysfunction.     

HPLC-DAD法测定迷迭香茎和叶中11种抗氧化活性成分

目的建立HPLC-DAD同时测定迷迭香叶和茎中11种抗氧化活性成分含量的方法。方法采用Zorbax SB-Aq C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以甲醇(A)-磷酸二氢钾缓冲盐(B)溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,绿原酸、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、木犀草素、芹菜素和芫花素的检测波长为328 nm,丹皮酚、迷迭香酚、橙皮素、鼠尾草酚和鼠尾草酸的检测波长为284 nm,进样量10μL。结果绿原酸、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、丹皮酚、迷迭香酚、橙皮素、木犀草素、芹菜素、鼠尾草酚、芫花素和鼠尾草酸分别在2.02~64.64μmol/mL,r=0.999 97;1.74~55.68μmol/mL,r=0.999 97;2.76~88.32μmol/mL,r=0.999 97;0.24~7.68μmol/mL,r=0.996 63;0.46~14.72μmol/mL,r=0.999 97;0.22~7.04μmol/mL,r=0.998 64;0.72~23.04μmol/mL,r=0.999 37;3.74~119.68μmol/mL,r=0.999 80;5.1~163.28μmol/mL,r=0.996 18;0.4~12.8μmol/mL,r=0.996 35;5.22~167.04μmol/mL,r=0.996 98内有良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率为98.1%~100.5%,RSD为0.67%~2.14%。结论该方法准确,实用性好,可用于迷迭香叶和茎中抗氧化活性成分的定性与定量分析。     

橙皮素对神经病理性疼痛大鼠坐骨神经的氧化应激以及炎性反应的影响

目的:探索橙皮素(HES)对坐骨神经压迫性损伤(PSNL)模型大鼠的镇痛作用及相关分子机制。方法:制作大鼠PSNL模型。75只大鼠随机分为5组,15只/组,分别为假手术(sham)组、模型(model)组、HES低浓度(HES 10)组、HES中浓度(HES 20)组和HES高浓度(HES 40)组,分别给与HES 10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg灌胃给药,1次/日,连续21 d,sham组和model组给与等量生理盐水灌胃。分别于术前1 d和术后1、7、14、21 d测定大鼠后足热缩足反射潜伏期(TWL)及机械缩足反射阈值(MWT);第21天取各组大鼠右侧坐骨神经,Elisa法检测氧化应激因子一氧化氮(NO)、炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-1β、IL-6和单核细胞趋化因子(MCP)-1含量和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)活性;Western blot法检测e NOS蛋白表达水平,免疫组化法检测TNF-α、IL-1β的表达。结果:造模后TWL和MWT显著下降(P0.05),HES治疗7、14、21 d后TWL及MWT明显升高,高于model组(P0.05)。Elisa结果显示,造模后,NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、MCP-1含量及e NOS活性显著提高(P0.05);HES治疗21 d后,NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、MCP-1含量和e NOS活性明显降低,低于model组(P0.05)。Western结果显示,造模后,e NOS蛋白表达显著提高,HES可显著抑制e NOS蛋白表达,低于model组(P0.05)。免疫组化检测结果显示,HES治疗21 d后,TNF-α和IL-1β均显著低于model组(P0.05)。结论:HES能缓解坐骨神经结扎引起的神经病理性疼痛,其分子机制可能与抑制坐骨神经氧化应激反应和炎症反应有关。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定枳实中6种成分的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)法同时测定枳实药材中柚皮素、橙皮素、马尔敏、6',7'-二羟基香柠檬素、川陈皮素和桔皮素6种成分含量的方法。方法:采用Symmetry C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长324 nm,柱温30 ℃。结果:柚皮素、橙皮素、马尔敏、6',7'-二羟基香柠檬素、川陈皮素和桔皮素分别在0.105~10.518,0.0865~8.647,0.106~10.620,0.106~10.575,0.131~13.103,0.137~13.743 μg·ml^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.999 7);平均加样回收率分别为96.53%,101.15%,98.94%,97.87%,99.43%,102.87%,RSD均小于3.0%(n=6)。结论:该法简便、快速、重现性好,为枳实药材及饮片的质量控制提供参考。     

橙皮素对舌癌细胞的生长抑制作用及其机制

目的:检测橙皮素对舌癌细胞生长及Notch1活化的影响,探讨橙皮素抑癌作用机制。方法:将培养的Tca8113细胞分为DMSO对照组和25、50、75、100和125 μmol·L^-1橙皮素处理组。MTT法检测不同浓度橙皮素作用后Tca8113细胞增殖抑制率,流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率和细胞周期分布,定量PCR和免疫印迹分别用于分析橙皮素作用前后Tca8113细胞中Notch1和Hes-1 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:与DMSO对照组比较,125 μmol·L^-1橙皮素处理组24、48和72 h Tca8113细胞增殖抑制率明显升高(7.88%±1.90%、26.28%±2.2%和47.05%±1.90%)(P<0.05);在橙皮素处理72 h后,25、50、75、100 和125 μmol·L^-1橙皮素处理组细胞增殖抑制率分别为(6.14±1.20)%、(28.69±2.10)%、(28.33±2.60)%、(45.26±3.00)%和(47.05±1.90)%,橙皮素对Tca8113细胞的增殖抑制作用呈现时间剂量依赖性。流式细胞术,橙皮素作用72 h后, 0、50和100 μmol·L^-1橙皮素处理组细胞凋亡百分率从 2.9%±0.5%升高至23.4%±1.7%和 35.1%± 1.9%(P<0.05);G₀/G₁期细胞由(18.6±1.3)%升高至(33.4±1.5)%和(40.5±1.9)%(P<0.05), S期细胞百分率由(70.3±2.5)%下降至(56.8±2.0)%和(48.7±1.8)%(P<0.05)。定量PCR和免疫印迹分析,与DMSO对照组比较,橙皮素作用后Tca8113细胞中Notch1和Hes-1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:橙皮素能够抑制Tca8113细胞增殖并诱导其发生细胞凋亡和细胞周期G₀/G₁期阻滞,其机制可能与活化Notch1有关联。     

7,3′-二甲氧基橙皮素对佐剂性关节炎大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究7,3’-二甲氧基橙皮素(DMHP)对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠免疫功能的影响。方法弗氏完全佐剂诱导大鼠AA模型,从造模第12天开始灌胃给予DMHP(22、44、88 mg/kg),连续12 d,MTT法检测刀豆蛋白A诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应;酶联免疫吸附法测定脾淋巴细胞产生白介素-2(IL-2)的水平以及腹腔巨噬细胞(PMΦ)分泌的IL-1、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;RT-PCR检测PMΦIL-1、IL-10、TNF-αmRNA的表达。结果 DMHP(44、88 mg/kg)能明显纠正AA大鼠低下的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和脾细胞IL-2的产生;各剂量DMHP能不同程度地从基因和蛋白水平降低AA大鼠PMΦ产生过高的IL-1、TNF-α水平,同时上调AA大鼠PMΦ产生过低的IL-10水平。结论 DMHP体内给药能改善AA大鼠异常免疫功能,恢复细胞因子网络平衡,这可能是其治疗AA大鼠的机制之一。     

栀子厚朴汤配伍变化对柚皮素与橙皮素药代动力学的影响

研究大鼠灌胃给予枳实、枳实-栀子、枳实-厚朴和栀子厚朴汤4种配伍汤剂后柚皮素与橙皮素在血浆中的药代动力学。将SD大鼠随机分为4组,分别灌胃枳实、枳实-栀子、枳实-厚朴、栀子厚朴汤剂10.83 mL/kg,采用HPLC法测定各汤剂给药后的血药浓度,计算药代动力学参数。结果表明4种不同配伍方给药后,柚皮素与橙皮素的药代动力学参数有差异。栀子厚朴汤不同配伍对柚皮素与橙皮素在大鼠血浆中的药代动力学存在不同的影响。栀子或厚朴能够延缓柚皮素与橙皮素的达峰时间;厚朴能够显著地增加橙皮素的AUC_0-24h;枳实、栀子、厚朴3味药材共同配伍应用时减少了柚皮素与橙皮素的达峰时间,使柚皮素的AUC_0-24h降低,同时使橙皮素的AUC_0-24h增加,但增加程度低于枳实-厚朴组。实验结果显示药材配伍对相同成分的药代动力学行为有影响。