ATC/DDD体系指标用于质子泵抑制剂使用管理效果评价

目的为质子泵抑制剂(PPI)的临床规范使用提供参考。方法采用ATC/DDD体系的分类法查询并计算各PPI的限定日剂量(DDD)值,回顾性分析医院2015年至2017年使用PPI的品种、消耗数量、科室分布、用药频度(DDDs)、使用强度(AUD)及使用率等相关指标。结果医院PPI的DDDs、AUD及使用率,各科室PPI的DDDs、AUD及使用率排名相对稳定;住院患者PPI的DDDs呈上升趋势,PPI销售金额排前10名的科室波动不大,PPI使用率总体略有下降,但仍较高。结论以ATC/DDD评价系统为基础制订各临床科室PPI使用指标具有可行性,可为医疗机构规范PPI的临床应用提供参考。     

Extending the phenotype associated with the CSNK2A1‐related Okur–Chung syndrome—A clinical study of 11 individuals

Variants in the Protein Kinase CK2 alpha subunit, encoding the CSNK2A1 gene, have previously been reported in children with an intellectual disability and dysmorphic facial features syndrome: now termed the Okur–Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome. More recently, through trio‐based exome sequencing undertaken by the Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study (DDD study), a further 11 children with de novo CSNK2A1 variants have been identified. We have undertaken detailed phenotyping of these patients. Consistent with previously reported patients, patients in this series had apparent intellectual disability, swallowing difficulties, and hypotonia. While there are some shared facial characteristics, the gestalt is neither consistent nor readily recognized. Congenital heart abnormalities were identified in nearly 30% of the patients, representing a newly recognized CSNK2A1 clinical association. Based upon the clinical findings from this study and the previously reported patients, we suggest an initial approach to the management of patients with this recently described intellectual disability syndrome.

     

Impact and Prevention of Far-Field Sensing in Fallback Mode Switches

BORDACHAR, P., et al.: Impact and Prevention of Far-Field Sensing in Fallback Mode Switches. Far-field oversensing (FFOS) promoted by high atrial sensitivity and short atrial refractory periods induces false positive mode switches. We evaluated the incidence of ventricular FFOS in a population of DDD paced patients. Methods: One hundred thirty-seven patients (   71 ± 10   years, 76 men) implanted with a Talent DR pacemaker were studied. Before discharge, an analysis of internal data stored in the memories of the PM was performed by the specific software incorporated in the programmer in parallel with a 24-hour Holter recording. Data were validated by a panel of experts. One and 4 months follow-up was based only on the data stored in the PM memories. Results: Pacing indications were atrioventricular block   (n = 75)   , sinus node dysfunction   (n = 57)   , and other   (n = 5)   . Sustained far-field oversensing was observed in 12/137 patients (9%). Out of a total of 3,511 triggered mode switch episodes, FFOS accounted for 20% and 7% of a 311 days cumulative time in mode switch. Inappropriate mode switch episodes induced by far-field were more numerous but shorter than episodes prompted by atrial arrhythmias. Atrial sensitivity was increased in eight patients, successfully in four. Reprogramming of the atrial refractory period   (156 ± 11 ms)   was successful in five of six patients. Conclusions: A 9% rate of ventricular FFOS was observed in an unselected population, easily and automatically diagnosed using the internal memory function and the automatic analysis provided by the programmer. Prolongation of the atrial refractory period was more effective than resetting of the atrial sensitivity in eliminating FFOS. (PACE 2003; 26[Pt. II]:206–209)     

Transient exit block of a DDD pacemaker with unipolar leads in subcutaneous emphysema following pneumothorax

This case report describes a transient pacemaker exit block due to subcutaneous emphysema following pneumothorax. Pneumothorax after pacemaker implantation is rare, but development of subcutaneous emphysema under such circumstances is even more uncommon. Exit block develops only with the use of unipolar leads; with implantation of bipolar leads, this complication cannot occur.     

DDD Pacing: An Effective Treatment Modality for Recurrent Atrial Arrhythmias

We performed atrial EP studies (atrial substrate evaluation) on 10 patients. These patients had evidence of paroxysmal, sustained, recurrent atrial arrhythmias (7 men and 3 women with a mean age of 64 ± 15 years). All patients combined a brady-tachy syndrome; 7 patients had a sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and 3 patients a typical vagally induced atrial arrhythmia. No anti-arrhythmic drug was allowed in 3 patients with SSS, 1 drug failed in 4 patients and the combination of 2 drugs failed in 3 patients during the first to eighth years prior to pacemaker implantation. Atrial substrate evaluation was feasible in all these patients off anti-arrhythmic therapy and showed important abnormalities of atrial loco-regional conduction parameters and long refractory periods (RP). The remarkable point was, in 7 patients, a paradoxical improvement in intra-atrial conduction delay at rapid pacing rate. The DDD pacing mode was chosen in all patients. No technical problem occurred during implantation. Atrial pacing rate was programmed to be slightly higher than the mean diurnal heart rate calculated on Holter monitoring. After implantation, the mean follow-up period was 18 ± 25 months with an average of one Holter every 4 months during the first 2 years. The 7 patients who improved intra-atrial conduction at rapid pacing rate were controlled without drugs, 2 patients were controlled with 1 drug, and 1 patient with 2 drugs. Atrial pacing in the DDD mode in a selected group of patients prevents paroxysmal and drug-resistant atrial arrhythmias. Atrial substrate evaluation is a sensitive tool for assuring the long-term benefit of atrial pacing. In this subset of patients, maintenance of AV synchrony by DDD pacing is preferable to catheter ablation of the His bundle.     

2008～2013年武汉地区32家医院抗病毒药使用分析

目的:统计武汉地区近6年抗病毒药的使用情况,分析其变化趋势,为合理用药提供依据。方法:统计分析武汉地区32家医院2008~2013年抗病毒药的销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)和限定日费用(DDC)。结果:2008~2013年武汉地区抗病毒药年销售总金额和DDDs逐年上升,年销售金额排在前5位的为恩替卡韦、阿德福韦酯、拉米夫定、替比夫定和更昔洛韦;DDDs排名前5位的是阿德福韦酯、恩替卡韦、利巴韦林、替比夫定、拉米夫定。大多数药物的DDC较为稳定,个别药物如奥司他韦、穿琥宁的DDC波动较大。结论:武汉地区32家医院近6年的抗病毒药使用基本稳定,西药占据了主要市场,其中以疗效较好的恩替卡韦、价格低廉的阿德福韦酯等药品增长迅速,而穿琥宁为代表的中药抗病毒药应用较少。     

南京地区34家医院2010-2012年双膦酸盐类药物应用分析

目的:了解双膦酸盐类药物的使用状况及趋势。方法:采用世界卫生组织推荐的限定日剂量为指标的分析方法,对南京地区34家医院2010-2012年的双膦酸盐类药物的销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)和日均费用(DDC)等进行统计、分析。结果:双膦酸盐类药物销售金额和DDDs逐年增加,销售金额平均增幅达25.5%,DDDs以年均14%的速度增长,DDC处于稳中略降的态势。双膦酸盐氯屈膦酸由于口服方便、价格便宜,市场占有率依然较高,2012年销售金额占10.65%。临床安全性和疗效方面更佳的第三代双膦酸盐占据了主要市场,以唑来膦酸(2012年销售金额占63.81%)和阿仑膦酸钠(2012年销售金额占12.59%)为主。结论:双膦酸盐类药物在骨吸收相关性疾病中的应用逐渐受到重视,第二代和第三代双膦酸盐已经占据了主要市场。     

我院2011-2013年抗菌药物应用分析

目的：了解我院抗菌药物应用情况及变化趋势,为进一步规范我院抗菌药物合理应用提供更有价值的参考依据。方法：采用限定日剂量（DDD）值分析法对我院2011-2013年抗菌药物应用情况进行统计、分析。结果：我院近3年来,抗菌药物的使用率及使用强度（AUD）分别由66.87%与82.85DDDs/（100人·d）降至40.73%与33.90DDDs/（100人·d）;头孢菌素类、碳青霉烯类以及喹诺酮类等的消耗金额与DDDs在抗菌药物中排列前茅,其中又以喹诺酮类药物中的左氧氟沙星居最高。结论：我院近3年抗菌药物的使用率和AUD已经达标,但合理使用情况与原卫生部相关规定还存在一定差距,故建议在抗菌药物的使用方面还应进一步采取行之有效的措施,以提高我院在合理用药方面的整体水平。     

2010-2012年武汉地区32家医院中药注射剂使用情况分析

目的:评价武汉地区医院中药注射剂的应用现状,为临床合理使用中药注射剂提供参考。方法:采用世界卫生组织推荐的限定日剂量为指标的分析方法,对武汉地区32家医院2010-2012年中药注射剂的总销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)、日均费用(DDC)等数据进行统计分析。结果:武汉地区32家医院中药注射剂的销售金额呈逐年上升趋势,2010-2012年,年增长率分别为28.51%和36.99%。心脑血管疾病类中药注射剂的销售金额和DDDs连续3年排序稳居首位;抗感染类中药注射剂的品种多数临床疗效较好,价格适中,使用频度较高;部分抗肿瘤类品种因价格较高,限制了其应用范围。结论:中药注射剂已成为该地区医院临床用药的重要组成部分,其销售金额和用量都在快速增长。临床需要在使用中药注射剂的同时,密切关注其安全性问题。