同轴微切口与传统小切口超声乳化术的临床疗效及术后并发症对比分析

目的　比较1.8 mm同轴微切口超声乳化术与传统同轴3.0 mm小切口超声乳化术的临床疗效及术后并发症。方法　收集2015年5月至10月北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心收治的老年性白内障患者48例（48眼），将患者分为微切口组和小切口组。微切口组主切口长1.8 mm，前房内注入透明质酸钠，行直径约为5.0 mm的中央连续环形撕囊，水分离后用劈核钩劈核，扭动模式超声乳化吸出术，自动灌注系统吸出残留皮质。小切口组角膜主切口大小为3.0 mm，术中植入常规折叠式人工晶状体。术后行裂隙灯、眼底镜以及角膜地形图检查，电脑验光检查患者最佳矫正视力。结果　术后1周、1个月、3个月两组患者最佳矫正视力比较，差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。术后1个月和3个月两组间手术源性散光比较，微切口组均明显低于小切口组，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.01）。在微切口组组内术后1个月和3个月手术源性散光无明显差异（P>0.05），微切口组手术源性散光在术后1个月保持稳定。在小切口组组内术后3个月手术源性散光明显低于术后1个月 （P<0.01）。微切口组术前角膜厚度为（567±27）μm，小切口组为（564±25）μm，两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；术后1个月与3个月两组间角膜厚度变化差异亦均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。在随访期间两组患者均未发生后发性白内障。结论　1.8 mm同轴微切口白内障超声乳化吸出术安全可靠，术后散光恢复快，可有效减少术后角膜手术源性散光。     

The Effect of Corneal Higher Order Aberrations on Postoperative Residual Astigmatism after Toric IOL Implantation

Background: To demonstrate the effect of preoperative higher order aberrations (HOAs) on postoperative residual astigmatism in toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods: A retrospective, controlled, comparative study that involved patients who underwent toric IOL implantation. Patients were divided into two groups according to the difference between the estimated residual astigmatism and actual postoperative astigmatism [difference ≤0.5 diopters (D), Group A; difference >0.5 D, Group B]. Corneal astigmatisms with axis, and various aberration values were compared between the two groups.

Results: Total RMS and HOA RMS values in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (p < .001, = 0.003). The vertical coma value, and its absolute value, in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (p < .001, = 0.002). The total RMS and absolute value of the vertical coma showed a positive linear correlation with the degree of residual postoperative astigmatism (R-square = 0.139, 0.131; p = .027, 0.036).

Conclusions: If the residual astigmatism after insertion of the toric IOL was greater than expected, corneal aberrations, shown by total RMS and HOA RMS values before surgery, especially of the vertical coma, tended to be high.     

Interchangeability of corneal curvature and asphericity measurements provided by three different devices

AIM: To evaluate the interchangeability of keratometric and asphericity measurements provided by three measurement systems based on different optical principles. METHODS: A total of 40 eyes of 40 patients with a mean age of 34.1y were included. In all cases, a corneal curvature analysis was performed with IOL-Master (IOLM), iDesign 2 (ID2), and Sirius systems (SIR). Differences between instruments for flattest (K1) and steepest (K2) keratometric readings, as well as for magnitude and axis of corneal astigmatism were analyzed. Likewise, differences in asphericity (Q) between SIR and ID2 were also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean differences between devices for K1 were 0.20±0.21 (P<0.001), -0.12±0.36 (P=0.046) and -0.32±0.36 D (P<0.001) for the comparisons IOLM-SIR, IOLM-ID2 and SIR-ID2, respectively. The ranges of agreement for these comparisons between instruments were 0.41, 0.70, and 0.70 D. For K2, mean differences were 0.31±0.33 (P<0.001), -0.08±0.43 (P=0.265) and -0.39±0.38 D (P<0.001), with ranges of agreement of 0.65, 0.84, and 0.74 D. Concerning magnitude of astigmatism, ranges of agreement were in the limit of clinical relevance (0.49 D, P=0.011; 0.55 D, P=0.386; 0.43 D, P=0.05). In contrast, ranges of agreement were clinically relevant for astigmatic axis (26.68o, 33.83o and 18.37o, P≥0.121) and for Q between SIR and ID2 (0.16, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The keratometric corneal power, astigmatic axis and asphericity measurements provide by the three systems evaluated cannot be considered as interchangeable, whereas measurements of corneal astigmatism obtained with SIR and ID2 can be considered as interchangeable for clinical purposes.     

iTrace与IOL Master 700和Pentacam HR测量白内障术前角膜散光的比较

目的：iTrace与IOL Master 700和Pentacam HR在白内障术前测量角膜散光的差异性及一致性。

方法：横断面研究。收集2020-05/2021-05来院就诊的白内障患者149例181眼。术前使用iTrace、IOL Master 700和Pentacam HR三种仪器测量陡峭轴角膜曲率(Ks)、平坦轴角膜曲率(Kf)、平均角膜曲率(Km)、角膜散光度数(Cyl)、陡峭轴轴位(Axis)。分析三种仪器测量指标的差异性及一致性。

结果：三组仪器间测量Ks、Kf、Km均有差异(F=4.912、3.514、4.873，均P<0.05)，Cyl与Axis均无差异(F=0.523、0.128，均P>0.05)。Bland-Altman分析提示iTrace与另两种仪器测量的Ks、Kf一致性较差，Cyl和Axis的一致性好，但Axis差值不在临床可接受范围。低度散光组(50眼)、中度散光组(34眼)和高度散光组(18眼)的iTrace与另两种仪器的测量值差值均无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：iTrace与IOL Master 700和Pentacam HR在白内障患者术前测量除散光度一致性好外，其余Ks、Kf均有差异性，Axis差值偏大，超过临床可接受范围，尤其是高度散光组。白内障术前角膜散光的测量应选择多种测量仪器，全方位规划手术方案。     

不同切口白内障手术角膜散光变化的临床观察

目的:观察不同手术切口的白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入手术后角膜散光的变化。方法:将194例212眼年龄相关性白内障随机分为三组。A组69眼,为上方角巩缘大阶梯切口,切口长度为11mm弦长(约120°弧度);B组71眼,为上方巩角膜切口,切口长度为5.8mm弦长;C组72眼,为距角巩缘3mm的反眉弓形巩膜遂道切口,遂道宽度示为5.8mm。晶状体核处理:A组采用双手压迫法将核娩出,B、C组均以碎核器将晶状体核分为两半后再用晶状体圈匙捞出。三组均为同一术者并用同种人工晶状体及逢线,术后处理也基本一致。术前、术后1周、1月、3月查视力及应用角膜曲率计观察角膜散光变化。结果:术前A、B、C组平均角膜散光为0.81±0.33、0.84±0.30、0.79±0.29D。术后1周、1月、3月平均角膜散光度及裸眼远视力≥0.5的眼数分别是:A组:4.31±1.37、3.56±1.24、2.46±1.18D,36眼,49眼,60眼;B组:3.54±1.05D,3.03±1.03D,2.35±1.01D,42眼,55眼,65眼;C组:1.72±0.43D,1.36±0.41D,0.88±0.36D,56眼,61眼,70眼。经t及χ2检验,三组间以上二种参数分别进行比较,术后1周及1个月时,有显著性差异(P<0.05);3个月时,A组及B组比较无显著性差异(P<0.05),但C组与A、B组比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术采用巩膜遂道切口,术后散光小,视力恢复快,值得临床推广。     

环曲面和球形角膜塑形镜在散光患者中的疗效分析

目的 比较环曲面和球形角膜塑形镜在中高度散光患者治疗中的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2019年6月至2020年9月安徽省第二人民医院眼科佩戴角膜塑形镜片的77名近视合并中、高度散光（≥1.0 D）患者的临床资料。根据受试者选择透镜设计不同分为环曲面组（n=36）和球形组（n=41）。观察两组患者1年内佩镜的治疗效果,评价指标为裸眼视力（UCVA）、镜片偏心度及角膜散光J0、J45。结果 环曲面及球形组UCVA分别从佩戴前的0.80（0.60, 0.10）、0.80（0.55, 0.90）下降到佩戴12个月后的0（0.00, 0.08）、0（0.00, 0.10）,两组佩戴前后各时间点比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。环曲面组及球形组镜片偏心度由戴镜1天的（0.46±0.25）mm、（0.53±0.21）mm增加至戴镜12个月的（0.73±0.41）mm、（1.32±0.12）mm,角膜散光J0分别由基线时的（-0.59±0.73）D、（-0.78±0.41）D下降到佩戴12个月的（-0.13±0.68）D、（-0.69±1.19）D,两组患者佩戴1个月后偏心度和角膜散光J0比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,佩戴后相同时间点比较,球形组偏心度和角膜散光J0均比环曲面组高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组佩戴前后角膜散光J45比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 环曲面角膜塑形镜片设计能有效降低中高度角膜散光患者的镜片偏心度和角膜散光J0。     

Management of moderate and severe corneal astigmatism with AcrySof? toric intraocular lens implantation – Our experience

Purpose

Visual performance following toric intraocular lens implantation for cataract with moderate and severe astigmatism.

Setting

Cataract services, Shroff Eye Centre, New Delhi, India.

Design

Case series.

Method

This prospective study included 64 eyes of 40 patients with more than 1.50 dioptre (D) of pre-existing corneal astigmatism undergoing phacoemulsification with implantation of the AcrySof® toric IntraOcular Lens (IOL). The unaided visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), residual refractive sphere and refractive cylinders were evaluated. Toric IOL axis and alignment error was measured by slit lamp method and Adobe Photoshop (version 7) method. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a satisfaction questionnaire at 3 months.

Results

The mean residual refractive astigmatism was 0.57 D at the final follow-up of 3 months. Mean alignment error was 3.44 degrees (SD = 2.60) by slit lamp method and 3.88 degrees (SD = 2.86) by Photoshop method. Forty-six (71.9%) eyes showed misalignment of 5 degrees or less, and 60 (93.8%) eyes showed misalignment of 10 degrees or less. The mean log MAR UCVA at 1st post-op day was 0.172 (SD = 0.02), on 7th post-op day was 0.138 (SD = 0.11), and on 30th post-op day was 0.081 (SD = 0.11). The mean log MAR BCVA at three months was −0.04 (SD = 0.76).

Conclusion

We believe that implantation of AcrySof® toric IOL is an effective, safe and predictable method to correct high amounts of corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.     

小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术与超声乳化白内障吸除术的对比

目的：对比分析小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术与超声乳化白内障吸除术的临床应用效果。

方法：选取2010-03/2013-02收治的老年性白内障患者93例124眼随机分为两组,42例59眼行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术(SICS组),51例65眼行超声乳化白内障吸除术(Phaco组),比较两组患者术后视力、角膜散光、手术源性散光及术中、术后并发症。

结果：术后1d; 1wk两组患者视力≥0.5分别为SICS组38眼(64.4%),41眼(69.5%),Phaco组29眼(44.6%),32眼(49.2%),SICS组的视力优于Phaco组(χ²=4.877,5.243,P<0.05)。术后1,3mo两组视力≥0.5眼数比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.005,0.085,P>0.05)。平均角膜散光采用重复测量设计方差分析：组内比较不同时间有统计学意义(F=25.624,P<0.05),且有随时间降低的趋势; 组间比较无统计学意义(F=0.986,P>0.05),两组患眼术后1wk平均角膜散光较术前增大,差异有统计学意义(t=2.906,2.427,P<0.05)。术后1wk; 1mo Phaco组手术源性散光SIA均低于SICS组(t=-4.628,2.770,P<0.05),术后3mo两组SIA对比差异无统计学意义(t=0.754,P>0.05), 组内比较和组间比较不同时间的SIA均有统计学意义(F=26.37,P<0.05,F=14.29,P<0.05)。两组患者术中后囊膜破裂、术后角膜水肿、前房色素膜反应对比差异无统计学意义。

结论：小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术与超声乳化白内障吸除术对比,两种手术术后效果相近,对于白内障的治疗方案选择,白内障超声乳化手术并非唯一最佳手术方案,在缺少超乳设备的边远地区,选择小切口非超声乳化手术同样可以达到与超乳手术接近的术后视觉效果。