Split-course hypofractionated radiotherapy for aged and frail patients with head and neck cancers. A retrospective study of 75 cases

PurposeTo assess the efficacy and the tolerance of a split course hypofractionated (SCH) radiotherapy (RT) protocol in head and neck cancer (HNC) for eldery and/or unfit patients (pts).Patients and methodsPts with HNC treated by SCH-RT in two institutions were included retrospectively. The main SCH RT regimen was two courses of 30 grays (Gy)/10 fractions separated by 2–4 weeks, without any systemic therapy.ResultsBetween February 2012 and January 2019, 75 consecutive patients were analyzed. The median age was 80 years (range: 45.7–98.2) and 53 (70.7%) were men. Sixty-one (81.3%) pts had stage III/IV disease and 54 (72%) had at least two comorbidities. All of them were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 10.6 months (range: 3.1–58.3). Local control at 12 and 24 months was 72.8% IC95%[62–85.5] and 51.7% IC95%[38.1–70.1] respectively. Progression free survival (PFS) at 12 and 24 months were 47.7% IC95%[37.4–60.8] and 41% IC95%[15–36.4] respectively, with a median of 11.5 months IC95%[8.9–17]. OS at 12 and 24 months were 60.4% IC95%[50–73.1] and 41% IC95%[30.6–54.9] respectively, with a median of 19.3 months IC95%[11.9–25.8]. Acute and late grade 3 or higher toxicities occurred for 6 (8%) and 3 (4%) pts.ConclusionThe present SCH-RT regimen seems effective, well-tolerated and could represent an alternative to palliative strategies for pts deemed unfit for standard exclusive RT.     

成人脊髓纵裂畸形导致的脊髓拴系综合征的治疗

目的 总结成年脊髓纵裂畸形（SCM）导致的脊髓拴系综合征（TCS）的临床特点及手术治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2007年9月至2019年3月手术治疗的21例成年SCM导致的TCS病人的临床资料。采用后路椎板切除、骨性或软骨性及纤维中隔分离切除、脊髓拴系松解、脊膜囊重建术。结果 21例中，男6例，女15例；年龄18~65岁，平均28.7岁；Ⅰ型7例， Ⅱ型14例。21例显微手术将中隔切除，脊髓拴系达Ⅰ级松解，无手术并发症。术后疼痛缓解或消失，双下肢无力及大小便功能障碍逐渐恢复。术后随访9个月至12年，平均5.8年；神经功能稳定及好转；随访期间未见拴系复发。结论 成人由SCM引发的TCS少见，以慢性腰腿痛为主要临床表现，手术在显微镜下行中隔分离切除、脊髓拴系松解及硬膜重建，疗效满意     

分期手术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂和脊髓拴系的安全性与近期疗效

目的:评估分期手术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂和脊髓拴系患者的安全性与近期疗效。方法 :回顾性分析我院2009年1月~2014年1月收治的66例先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂和脊髓拴系患者的临床资料。其中男20例,女46例,年龄17.2±4.5岁(7~26岁)。5例患者术前存在下肢神经功能障碍。脊柱侧凸冠状位主弯Cobb角97.6°±23.5°(50°~165°),主弯位于颈胸段1例,胸段58例,胸腰段7例。23例同时存在矢状位后凸畸形,Cobb角89.5°±13.9°(47°~165°)。伴有Ⅰ型脊髓纵裂45例,Ⅱ型脊髓纵裂21例,均合并脊髓拴系。所有患者均行分期手术治疗:Ⅰ型脊髓纵裂组患者一期切除骨性分隔、松解脊髓拴系,Ⅱ型脊髓纵裂组患者一期松解脊髓拴系;一期术后3~4周,二期行侧凸矫形手术。结果:一期手术时间208.7±107.2min(60~505min),术中出血量297.1±192.6ml(20~2000ml);二期手术时间392.6±150.7min(196~600min),术中出血量2158.8±1158.4ml(450~6000ml)。术前存在下肢神经功能障碍的5例患者中,1例术后下肢肌力提高2级,感觉功能有所恢复;其余4例术后神经功能无明显变化。2例术前神经功能正常患者二期术中出现脊髓损伤(3.0%,2/66),其中1例术后双下肢肌力降为4级,感觉稍减退,术后1周感觉、运动功能完全恢复正常;另1例术后双下肢肌力降低至2级,双下肢及会阴部感觉减退,经脱水、激素冲击治疗及高压氧治疗,术后1个月双下肢肌力恢复至3级,术后2年随访时双下肢肌力恢复至4级,双下肢残留轻度麻木感,大小便功能正常。4例(6.1%,4/66)患者二期术后并发胸腔积液。均获得随访,随访时间12.4±3.5个月(6~24个月)。随访期间未发现椎弓根螺钉松动及断裂现象。脊柱侧凸矫形术后冠状位Cobb角为41.6°±17.8°(12°~107°),矫正率为(61.3±14.3)%;末次随访时冠状位Cobb角为43.7°±16.6°(15°~108°),丢失率为(1.9±1.1)%。术后矢状位后凸Cobb角为38.4°±11.0°(2°~78°),矫正率为(67.6±23.4)%,末次随访时矢状位Cobb角为39.7±11.2°(3°~87°),丢失率为(2.3±1.3)%。结论:分期手术治疗合并脊髓纵裂和脊髓拴系的先天性脊柱侧凸具有较高的手术安全性,并可获得较满意的矫形效果。     

Split crest con strumenti vibranti a bassa frequenza: un caso clinico

Objectives

Split-crest osteotomies are used to increase the thickness of edentulous ridges during implant insertion. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the advantages of performing these procedures with low-frequency vibration, air-driven, non-piezoelectric handpieces, which are the most suitable instruments for carrying out thin osteotomies.

Materials and methods

We report the case of a 68-year-old patient with edentulous ridge at sites 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7. The crest was thin and the masticatory mucosa reduced. First, the ridge was osteotomized with vibrating tools on a sonic, air-driven handpiece (Sonosurgery^®, Komet/Brasseler, Lemgo, Deutschland), and the vestibular cortical plate was distracted. Tapered implants were inserted during the same session, and the spaces between the implants were filled with equine collagen sponge.

Results and conclusions

The procedure resulted in substantial augmentation of the horizontal thickness of the edentulous ridge and masticatory mucosa, which allowed satisfactory implant prosthetic rehabilitation of the posterior lower right sector. Thanks to the angles and reduced thickness (0.25 mm) of their cutting surfaces, the sonic air-driven tools allowed us to make thin, highly precise osteotomies.     

第18届国际肝移植学会年会纪要

第18届国际肝移植学会（International Liver Transplantation Society,ILTS）年会于2012年5月16—19日在美国旧金山市举行,来自80多个国家逾1500位学者参与本次学术盛会。本次会议人选口头交流191篇,壁报交流502篇。大会由西班牙巴塞罗那医院Garcia-Valdecasas教授担任主席,美国达特茅斯医学院Freeman教授担任执行主席,美国加州大学旧金山分校Niemann、Ascher、Stock教授担任大会共同主席。来自五大洲肝移植学界的众多专家相聚旧金山,就肝癌肝移植、免疫抑制剂、活体肝移植技术、供肝来源拓展和分配等肝移植领域共同关心的话题在为期4d的会议中广泛交流学术成果与学术观点。本文介绍的研究进展主要来源于大会全体会议报告的内容。     

一个非综合征手足裂畸形家系的临床调查及遗传学分析

目的分析一先天性手足裂伴并指／趾畸形家系的临床表现，并从分子水平查找致病原因，为罹患家庭提供遗传咨询。方法通过X线检查资料及手足裂外观照片，对家系3代现存3例患者（共4例患者）进行临床分析，对3例患者用常规方法制备外周血淋巴细胞染色体标本，进行G显带核型分析。从7名家系成员（包含3例患者）外周血样品中提取基因组DNA。针对p63基因全部15个外显子及删rJ0b基因5个外显子进行引物设计合成、PCR扩增、回收纯化并测序。结果家系中现存3名患者均表现为双手中央分裂，其中1例患者双足呈楔形裂开，2例患者右足均为第3、4趾并指，皮肤黏连；G显带核型分析未发现染色体畸变；p63基因未检测到突变，删rJ0b基因的外显子5a中发现一个碱基突变c．1058C〉T。结论通过家系内息者临床表型分析，可将该疾病类型确定为非综合征手足裂畸形，且临床症状逐代加重。测序结果提示p63基因和删rJ0b基因关键区域内的点突变都不是引起该家系手足裂畸形的原因。     

Complement split product C3d as an indicator of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus

Summary In order to investigate, if complement levels can be used as an indicator of clinical activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), levels of C3, C4, CH50, and C3d were measured in 79 patients, 41 with inactive, 31 with moderately active and 7 with severely active disease. Our study shows that C3d, and particularly the C3d/C3 ratio, provide sensitive markers for disease activity in SLE. Since C3d is a direct measurement of complement turnover, it reflects complement activation better than C3, C4 and CH50.