经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

简便氧气疗法联合紫草纱条在直肠癌术后造瘘袋致压力性溃疡中的护理效果观察

目的:观察简便氧气疗法联合紫草纱条在直肠癌术后患者因造瘘袋所致压力性溃疡的护理效果。方法:将58例因直肠癌术后造瘘袋致局部压力性溃疡患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组30例局部采用一次性氧气管接通氧气后输送至局部创面,外敷紫草纱条换药;对照组28例采用水胶体敷贴换药治疗,比较2组创面愈合时间、更换造瘘袋次数以及创面治疗平均费用。结果:观察组创面愈合时间、更换造瘘袋次数以及创面治疗平均费用均低于对照组,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:采用简便氧气疗法联合紫草纱条能够有效促进造瘘袋所致压力性溃疡创面的愈合,对于减轻患者经济负担、减少护理工作量具有积极意义,值得临床推广。     

慢阻肺合并呼吸衰竭患者予以无创呼吸机联合氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗的效果分析

目的分析研究慢阻肺合并呼吸衰竭患者予以无创呼吸机联合氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗的效果。方法选取本院2017年11月至2018年12月收治的160例慢阻肺合并呼吸衰竭患者进行此次研究,按照数字表法将其均分为参照组和联合组,各80例。其中予以无创呼吸机治疗的为参照组,应用无创呼吸机联合氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗的为联合组,比较两组不良反应及血气分析指标变化情况。结果联合组治疗后的血气分析指标均优于参照组且差异显著(P <0.05);联合组不良反应发生率低于参照组且差异显著(P <0.05);联合组呼吸衰竭纠正天数及住院天数皆少于参照组且差异显著(P <0.05)。结论应用无创呼吸机联合氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗慢阻肺合并呼吸衰竭,可明显减少不良反应,优化临床治疗效果。     

参芪扶正注射液联合经鼻高流量加温湿化治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效

目的探讨参芪扶正注射液联合经鼻高流量加温湿化治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法将102例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组51例。对照组采用常规治疗,同时采用经鼻高流量加温湿化治疗。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合参芪扶正注射液治疗。观察2组治疗前、治疗7 d后血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、氧分压（PaO2）、pH值和最大呼气流量（PEF）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）及临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率为94.12%,高于对照组的80.39%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组治疗7 d后血PaO2、pH和PEF、FEV1值均高于对照组,血PaCO2值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论参芪扶正注射液联合经鼻高流量加温湿化治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者可有效提升疗效,显著改善了患者的血气指标和肺功能。     

盐酸氨溴索治疗小儿支气管肺炎的临床分析

目的分析研究盐酸氨溴索用于小儿支气管肺炎的临床效果。方法将本院2017年12月—2018年12月期间收治的小儿支气管肺炎患儿88例按照随机双盲法均分为对照组和治疗组,予以对照组44例患儿常规治疗,予以治疗组44例患儿常规治疗联合氧气驱动雾化吸入盐酸氨溴索治疗,对两组患儿的临床疗效和临床症状缓解时间进行对比。结果与对照组相比,治疗组患儿咳嗽、咳痰、胸片改善时间及肺部干湿啰音缓解时间均显著短于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组的临床总有效率为95.45%(42/44),明显高于对照组77.27%(34/44),组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿支气管肺炎在临床常规治疗的基础上加用盐酸氨溴索治疗有助于患儿临床症状的缓解,效果明显。     

医疗器械超声清洗效果的影响因素

目的 研究影响医疗器械超声清洗效果的因素，为合理改进医院消毒供应中心超声清洗医疗器械的方法和流程提供参考依据。方法 采用超声波能量检测瓶和超声波声强测试仪对超声波效能进行检测，采用管腔型清洗效果检测卡对超声波清洗效果进行检测。结果 能量瓶平均变色时间、超声波声强、检测卡平均清洗合格时间比较，脱气组和未脱气组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；器械规则摆放组和堆叠摆放组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；单层摆放组和双层摆放组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），层数相同条件下单筐组和双筐组在相同测试位点差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。4种品牌清洗剂中A品牌的清洗效果最好、清洗速度最快，但能量瓶平均变色时间和声强测试差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。清洗剂加注量在1：100、清洗温度在45℃时清洗效果最好。超声时间2 h内清洗剂的酶活力均在1 600 U左右，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 脱气、器械摆放、器械装载方式以及不同清洗剂、清洗温度均能导致超声清洗效能的改变，合理选择清洗条件才能够使医疗器械超声清洗达到满意效果。     

需求满足式护理对提高胸外科机械通气患者微量泵持续气道湿化效果及舒适度的研究

目的研究需求满足式护理对提高胸外科机械通气患者微量泵持续气道湿化效果及舒适度的价值。方法将纳入本院胸外科机械通气使用微量泵持续气道湿化210例患者作为研究对象,按就诊顺序分为观察组和对照组各105例,对照组患者实施唱歌机械通气护理,观察组患者增加了需求满足式护理。对比2组患者的气道湿化情况、舒适度以及满意度情况。结果观察组患者的并发症发生率、日吸痰次数与日湿化液滴入量分别为6.67%、(2.68±1.27)次/d、(185.73±56.89)mL/d,均优于对照组的17.14%、(5.41±2.17)次/d、(113.56±43.75)mL/d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的舒适度与满意度评分分别为(8.73±0.25)分、(8.86±0.37)分,均优于对照组的(8.42±0.27)分、(8.45±0.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用需求满足式护理可优化胸外科机械通气患者微量泵持续气道湿化的舒适度与湿化效果。