Generalized,severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex caused by a Keratin 5 p.E477K mutation

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a skin fragility disorder resulting from mutations of structural proteins in the epidermis. We provide a brief report of long‐term survival and reproduction in a mother with EBS due to keratin 5 (KRT5) c.1429G > A (p.E477K) mutation, which causes a particularly severe form of the disease.     

Adult‐onset inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus: Immunohistochemical studies and review of the literature

Adult‐onset inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is an uncommon cutaneous disease compared to childhood‐onset ILVEN. The typical histopathologic features are alternating parakeratosis and orthokeratosis with an absent granular layer underneath parakeratosis, in contrast to a thickened granular layer below the foci of orthokeratosis in psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia. Herein, we present a 49‐year‐old woman with typical clinical and histopathologic characteristics of adult‐onset ILVEN, including linear arrangement of thick scaly papules and plaques localized on the medial side of her right leg, ankle, and foot. Immunohistochemical studies included involucrin, Ki‐67, and keratin‐10. Compared to the staining pattern in psoriasis, the expression of involucrin in this case was of lower intensity and localized to upper epidermal layers with relatively less extensive staining beneath regions of parakeratosis as compared to orthokeratosis; Ki‐67 showed lower basal layer proliferative activity; and keratin‐10 showed a greater intensity of staining within suprabasal epidermis.     

补益营卫方对衰老表皮结构蛋白K17的影响

目的:观察补益营卫方对衰老表皮结构蛋白K17的基因和蛋白水平的影响。方法:将3个月龄小鼠(年轻组)与14个月龄小鼠(老年组)表皮细胞消化分离出来,然后进行传代培养,其中14个月龄小鼠(老年组)的表皮细胞分为2组,一组用常规方法培养细胞,另一组用含2.5%的补益营卫方培养基进行培养,采用荧光定量RT-PCR法和Western Blotting法分别检测细胞K17mRNA表达和细胞K17蛋白表达。结果:与年轻组比较,老年组的K17mRNA和蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05);经药物干预后小鼠表皮细胞中K17mRNA和蛋白水平较老年组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:补益营卫方可通过抑制衰老表皮结构蛋白K17的表达,起到延缓皮肤衰老作用。     

应用蛋白质组学研究白斑差异表达蛋白

目的:通过筛选口腔白斑及正常黏膜组织的差异表达蛋白,为研究白斑发生机制提供实验依据。方法:收集口腔白斑组织及正常口腔黏膜组织,提取组织蛋白,进行二维电泳,选择在表达差异量较大的11个点进行质谱和生物信息学分析,确定所分析的蛋白质类型。结果:人口腔白斑及正常黏膜组织的二维电泳图谱的平均蛋白质点数分别为1726±67和1608±73,蛋白质点重复性较好。人口腔白斑与正常黏膜组织的双向凝胶电泳图谱,差异表达蛋白质点数为38个,其中16个点在白斑中为高标达,22个点在白斑中为低表达,选择11个表达差异量较大的蛋白质点进行质谱和生物信息学分析,鉴定出其中的5个点,分别为膜联蛋白A2,角蛋白8,角蛋白1,II型角蛋白亚基,免疫球蛋白(Ig)κ型轻链的恒定区(C区)片段等。结论:膜联蛋白A2,角蛋白8,角蛋白1,II型角蛋白亚基,Igκ型轻链的C区片段等在口腔白斑发生发展过程中发生了改变。     

Identification of two novel mutations in keratin 13 as the cause of white sponge naevus

BACKGROUND: White sponge naevus (WSN) is a rare autosomal dominant condition which is characterised by benign, white spongy plaques (oral leukokeratoses) affecting non-cornifying, wet mucosa. WSN shares several ultrastructural characteristics (eg, epithelial thickening, acanthosis, keratin filament aggregation) with a number of epithelial disorders caused by mutations in keratin genes and to-date two mutations, one in each of the mucosal specific keratins, K4 and K13, have been identified as the molecular basis of the disorder. OBJECTIVES: To identify the molecular basis of WSN in two families with a history of the disease. RESULTS: Two novel mutations were identified in helix initiation motif of K13. A T-to-C transition was found in the affected members of one family which is predicted to change leucine115 to proline. In the second family, a similar T-to-C transition was found in codon 108 which is predicted to change methionine to threonine in the protein sequence. These changes were not found in 50 unrelated, unaffected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The mutations in the helix initiation motif of K13 are the cause of WSN in these families. These cases confirm mutations in the mucosal specific keratins as a significant cause of the disorder.     

Genetic studies of syndromes with severe periodontitis and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis

The Papillon-Lefevre and Haim Munk syndromes are characterized by the presence of both palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPK) and severe early onset periodontitis. It is the early onset periodontal disease component that distinguishes these from other more common forms of PPK. It has been proposed that the periodontal disease component may be a casual association in individuals with PPK. Genetic syndromes with palmoplantar keratosis and severe early onset periodontitis may be due to specific bacterial infections in individuals with PPK. Recently, keratin gene mutations have been identified in several conditions typified by palmoplantar keratosis. The present study sought to test the hypothesis that a keratin gene defect similar to those previously identified in other PPK conditions is responsible for the Haim Munk and the Papillon-Lefevre syndromes. We have performed genetic linkage studies to test for linkage between polymorphic DNA loci within 2 cytokeratin gene families and the disease phenotype in Haim Munk syndrome and Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. Families with individuals segregating for the Haim Munk syndrome and the Papillon-Lefevre syndrome were examined to determine disease status, and genotyped for microsatellite DNA markers closely linked to the acidic (type I) and the basic (type II) cytokeratin genes on chromosomes 12 and 17. Genotype data were evaluated for microsatellite allele homozygosity in affected individuals. Results of these preliminary genetic studies suggest that the gene defect in Haim Munk syndrome is not due to a gene defect in either the type I or the type II keratin gene clusters. These findings suggest that Haim Munk syndrome may be genetically distinct from other more common forms of PPK that have been linked to the cytokeratin gene families, and suggest that mutations in genes other than keratin genes are responsible. Additional family studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.     

中低位直肠癌区域淋巴结微转移

目的：观察中低位直肠癌区域淋巴结的微转移。方法：采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术,扩增角蛋白19（K19）,对15例Duke B期中低位直肠癌患者的癌组织样本和127枚组织学阴性淋巴结进行检测,藉此了解区域淋巴结的微转移状态。结果：15例癌组织均有K19 mRNA表达,127枚病理检查未发现转移的淋巴结中,经RT-PCR检测有13枚存在微转移。另送8枚淋巴结病理组织学阳性,K19 mRNA均表达阳性,良性病人送检11枚淋巴结均不表达K19。结论：中低位Duke B期直肠癌区域淋巴结常规病理学检查阴性,存在10.2%（13/127）微转移。为患者术后辅助治疗及预后判断提供资料。