Biochemical mechanism of modulation of human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) by curcumin I, II, and III purified from Turmeric powder

P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1) is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump linked to development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. Previously [Biochem Pharmacol 2002;64:573-82], we reported that a curcumin mixture could modulate both function and expression of Pgp. This study focuses on the effect of three major curcuminoids--curcumin I, II and III purified from a curcumin mixture--on modulation of Pgp function in a multidrug resistant human cervical carcinoma cell line (KB-V1). The similar IC(50) values for cytotoxicity of curcuminoids of KB-V1, and KB-3-1 (parental drug sensitive cell line) suggest that these curcuminoids may not be substrates for Pgp. Treating the cells with non-toxic doses of curcuminoids increased their sensitivity to vinblastine only in the Pgp expressing drug resistant cell line, KB-V1, and curcumin I retained the drug in KB-V1 cells more effectively than curcumin II and III, respectively. Effects of each curcuminoid on rhodamine123, calcein-AM, and bodipy-FL-vinblastine accumulation confirmed these findings. Curcumin I, II and III increased the accumulation of fluorescent substrates in a dose-dependent manner, and at 15 microM, curcumin I was the most effective. The inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner of curcuminoids on verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity and photoaffinity labeling of Pgp with the [(125)I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin offered additional support; curcumin I was the most potent modulator. Taken together, these results indicate that curcumin I is the most effective MDR modulator among curcuminoids, and may be used in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs to reverse MDR in cancer cells.     

姜黄素类化合物体外抗凝血与抗血栓作用研究

目的研究姜黄素类化合物体外抗凝血与抗血栓活性,为探寻姜黄活血化瘀药效物质提供参考。方法采用家兔血浆复钙时间法、凝血酶时间法及体外血栓法、全血血块法,分别对3个天然姜黄素类化合物姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素、双去甲氧基姜黄素的体外抗凝血与抗血栓活性进行测定。结果姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素、双去甲氧基姜黄素均能延长家兔血浆复钙时间(P<0.01)及凝血酶时间(P<0.01),且均能加快体外血栓(P<0.01)及全血凝块的溶解(P<0.01),其中去甲氧基姜黄素的作用最强。结论姜黄素类化合物具有较好的体外抗凝血与抗血栓作用,空间不对称结构能加强姜黄素类化合物结构母核的抗凝活性。     

Inhibition of multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2 by a series of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds

To study the possible interplay between glutathione metabolism of and MRP inhibition by thiol reactive compounds, the interactions of a series of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with multidrug resistance proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1/ABCC1 and MRP2/ABCC2) were studied. Alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds react with glutathione, and therefore either their parent compound or their intracellularly formed glutathione metabolite(s) can modulate MRP-activity. Inhibition was studied in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells stably expressing MRP1 or MRP2, and isolated Sf9-MRP1 or Sf9-MRP2 membrane vesicles. In the latter model system metabolism is not an issue. Of the series tested, three distinct groups could be discriminated based on differences in interplay of glutathione metabolism with MRP1 inhibition. Curcumin inhibited MRP1 transport only in the vesicle model pointing at inhibition by the parent compound. The glutathione conjugates of curcumin also inhibit MRP1 mediated transport, but to a much lesser extent than the parent compound curcumin. In the cellular model system, it was demonstrated that glutathione conjugation of curcumin leads to inactivation of its inhibitory potential. Demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin inhibited MRP1 in both the vesicle and cellular model pointing at inhibitory potency of at least the parent compound and possibly their metabolites. A second group, including caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibited MRP1-mediated calcein transport only in the MDCKII-MRP1 cells, and not in the vesicle model indicating that metabolism appeared a prerequisite to generate the active inhibitor. Finally cinnamaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, trans-2-hexanal, citral, and acrolein did not inhibit MRP1. For MRP2, inhibition was much less in both model systems, with the three curcuminoids being the most effective. The results of this study show the importance to study the complex interplay between MRP-inhibitors and their cellular metabolism, the latter affecting the ultimate potential of a compound for cellular MRP-inhibition.     

基于传统性效及现代研究的姜黄质量标志物分析

姜黄为我国传统中药,味辛、苦,性温,具有破血行气、通经止痛之功效,其用药历史悠久,最早收载于《新修本草》。对姜黄化学成分及主要药理活性进行总结,并基于传统性效及现代研究两方面对姜黄质量标志物进行预测分析。建议对姜黄的芳姜黄酮、α-姜黄酮、β-姜黄酮、姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素、双去甲氧基姜黄素及黄酮类等成分进行定性、定量分析,进一步开展其所含的萜类和甾醇类等成分化学物质组的深入研究,为明确姜黄的质量标志物和姜黄质量评价研究提供科学依据。     

双脱甲氧基姜黄素对肺腺癌细胞A549生长活性影响的初步研究

目的初步探讨中药姜黄的主要活性单体成分双脱甲氧基姜黄素体内外抗肺癌生长活性的作用.方法(1)应用形态学观察、MTT、流式细胞仪技术等研究双脱甲氧基姜黄素对传代培养人肺腺癌细胞系A549的生长形态、细胞周期等生物学特性的影响;(2)建立裸鼠人肺腺癌细胞A549移植瘤模型,腹腔注射双脱甲氧基姜黄素,研究其对裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响,同时观察双脱甲氧基姜黄素与传统化疗药顺铂联用对抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长有无增效作用.结果(1)双脱甲氧基姜黄素对体外培养的A549细胞有增殖抑制效应,显微镜下可见明显的形态改变,其IC50为12.108μg/ml,流式细胞仪显示细胞周期主要阻滞在S期,浓度增至15μg/ml时,出现明显的细胞凋亡现象;(2)双脱甲氧基姜黄素具有较好的抗人肺腺癌细胞A549裸鼠移植瘤生长作用,移植瘤重量及体积显著低于阴性对照组(P＜0 01);(3)双脱甲氧基姜黄素与顺铂联合应用能显著抑制A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长,裸鼠移植瘤体积及瘤重均显著低于双脱甲氧基姜黄素和顺铂单药治疗组(P＜0 01).结论(1)双脱甲氧基姜黄素有明确的抑制体外培养人肺腺癌细胞A549恶性表型的作用;(2)双脱甲氧基姜黄素能明显抑制人肺腺癌细胞A549裸鼠移植瘤的生长;(3)双脱甲氧基姜黄素与顺铂联用对抑制A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长具有相加作用.     

基于信息熵赋值法的正交联用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化黄丝郁金醋炙工艺研究

目的基于信息熵赋权法的正交联用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法(BBD-RSM)优化黄丝郁金醋炙工艺,优化其醋制炮制工艺。方法以HPLC法测定醋郁金中姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素和双去甲氧基姜黄素的量,作为评价指标,采用正交试验考察米醋用量、闷润时间、炒制温度、炒制时间对黄丝郁金醋炙工艺的影响;在正交试验的基础上,进一步采用BBD-RSM考察闷润时间、炒制温度和炒制时间对该炮制工艺的影响。结果正交试验确定的黄丝郁金最佳醋炙工艺为加入10%米醋,拌匀闷润10 min,炒制温度130℃,炒制10 min;BBD-RSM确定最佳炮制工艺为闷润时间12 min,炒制温度150℃,炒制时间8 min。验证实验结果表明该工艺条件重复性良好,具有合理性和可行性。结论此实验方法可行,模型、数据可靠,优化了黄丝郁金醋炙工艺。     

总姜黄素3种单体高纯度同时分离方法

目的研究姜黄色素(curcuminoids,Cur)中姜黄素(curcumin,CurⅠ)、脱甲氧基姜黄素(deme-thoxycurcumin,CurⅡ)和双脱甲氧基姜黄素(bisdemethoxycurcumin,CurⅢ)3种单体的分离、纯化工艺。方法采用以氯仿-甲醇溶剂系统进行梯度洗脱的柱层析法分离Cur中的3种单体,并采用重结晶法对其进行纯化,通过薄层色谱、熔点测定及高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)对3种姜黄素单体的进行检测并计算纯度。结果可获得3种高纯度的姜黄素单体,HPLC测定结果分别为CurⅠ纯度99.47%、CurⅡ纯度99.64%、CurⅢ纯度98.64%。结论硅胶柱层析法合理、科学,效率高,可为姜黄素单体的进一步研究与开发应用提供实验依据。     

姜黄素类物的提取、分离及精制

[目的]探索姜黄素类物的提取、分离及精制方法。[方法]姜黄药材经乙醇渗漉得到总姜黄素醇提物,经水洗、石油醚洗之后得到脱脂浸膏。利用干法柱层析分离得到双脱甲氧基姜黄素粗品及姜黄素、脱甲氧基姜黄素混合物。再经湿法柱层析洗脱得到二脱甲氧基姜黄素,通过制备薄层色谱法分离得到姜黄素和一脱甲氧基姜黄素粗品,经丙酮-水重结晶后分别得到姜黄素,一脱甲氧基姜黄素。[结果]测得姜黄素、一脱甲氧基姜黄素和二脱甲氧基姜黄素的熔点分别为182～184℃,168～170℃和226～228℃,三者的高效液相色谱(HPLC)谱图3倍保留时间内峰面积归一化法测得的纯度超过96%。[结论]实验确立的方法可有效分离姜黄素、一脱甲氧基姜黄素和二脱甲氧基姜黄素,分离周期短,节省溶剂。     

整合生物信息学与实验验证解析黄芪-莪术药对抗肝癌配伍机制

目的 整合生物信息学、网络药理学及分子对接技术预测黄芪-莪术药对抗肝癌配伍机制,并进行细胞实验验证。方法 利用R软件包Limma分析GEO数据库中肝癌基因表达数据,筛选肝癌靶点;通过TCMSP数据库结合文献报道,筛选潜在活性成分;采用TCMSP、SEA和SwissTargetPrediction数据库进行成分靶点预测,筛选抗肝癌靶点;对靶点进行京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）通路富集分析;构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络、成分-靶点网络、关键成分-靶点-通路网络,并结合网络贡献指数,筛选关键肝癌靶点、关键抗肝癌成分及其靶点、核心抗肝癌成分及其靶点;使用Autodock Vina软件对核心成分与核心靶点进行分子对接;通过细胞实验,验证所预测成分抗肝癌活性及其作用机制。结果 预测得到黄芪-莪术抗肝癌活性成分33个,抗肝癌靶点180个,关键肝癌靶点112个;筛选后得到关键成分29个,对应靶点15个;KEGG通路分析显示关键成分主要通过协同影响细胞周期、细胞衰老、p53信号通路等发挥配伍作用;进一步筛选得到核心成分6个（黄芪中黄芪皂苷II、黄芪甲苷、芒柄花素,莪术中莪术醇、姜黄素、双去甲氧基姜黄素）,对应靶点5个[细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1（cyclin-dependent kinase 1,CDK1）、DNA拓扑异构酶2A（topoisomerase 2A,TOP2A）、极光激酶B（aurora B,AURKB）、检查点蛋白激酶1（check point kinase 1,CHEK1）、AURKA]。细胞实验结果显示,黄芪-莪术药对6个核心成分均对HepG2细胞增殖具有显著的抑制作用（P＜0.01）,且黄芪皂苷II与双去甲氧基姜黄素具有协同增效作用;黄芪皂苷II与双去甲氧基姜黄素可通过下调细胞周期相关蛋白表达水平（P＜0.05、0.01）,进而阻滞细胞周期。结论 黄芪-莪术药对的多种活性成分通过作用于相同或不同靶点抑制细胞周期、p53信号通路等相同或不同相关信号关通路,从而发挥协同配伍抗肝癌作用。     

双去甲氧基姜黄素对肥胖模型小鼠糖脂代谢的影响及机制

目的 研究双去甲氧基姜黄素(bisdemethoxycurcumin,BDMC)对高糖高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠胰岛素抵抗、糖脂代谢紊乱的影响,并探讨其机制。方法 C57BL/6小鼠40只随机分为正常组(10只)和高糖高脂饮食组(30只),正常组小鼠给予常规饲料,其余小鼠饲喂高糖高脂饮食诱导肥胖,造模8周。造模成功后,高糖高脂饮食组小鼠随机分为模型组、BDMC低剂量组(20 mg·kg^-1)、BDMC高剂量组(40 mg·kg^-1),每组10只。分别按剂量灌胃给药,每日1次,每周5次,连续8周。给药结束后,检测小鼠体质量、肝脏及脂肪重量,观察肝脏病理改变及脂质堆积情况,监测小鼠血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素等生化指标,并考察BDMC对TRPV1、AMPK及下游胰岛素信号、糖脂代谢通路的影响。结果 与正常组相比,模型组小鼠体质量及脏器指数增加,肝脏出现明显的病理改变,脂质堆积严重,血清胰岛素、血糖、血脂参数(TC、TG、LDL-C)显著增高,HDL-C显著降低;肝损伤(ALT、AST)加重;肝脏组织中TRPV1、SREBP、FAS蛋白表达显著升高,p-IRS1、p-AMPK、GLUT4、p-ACC表达显著降低。与模型组相比,给予BDMC治疗后,肝脏脂质堆积减少,组织病理改变得到改善,血糖、血清胰岛素、TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C显著升高,肝脏中p-IRS1、p-AMPK、GLUT4、p-ACC表达升高,TRPV1、SREBP、FAS表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 BDMC能改善胰岛素抵抗,调节糖脂代谢紊乱,治疗高糖高脂饮食诱导的肥胖,其作用可能与调节TRPV1和AMPK信号通路有关。