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排序方式: 共有879条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
干魁 《中国卫生标准管理》2020,(8):69-71
目的分析大剂量肾上腺素在急性心脏骤停院前急救中的应用价值。方法将2018年1月-2019年10月院前急救处理的52例急性心脏骤停患者视为研究对象,根据其治疗方式划入常规组与大剂量组(n=26)。常规组使用常规剂量肾上腺素与阿托品治疗,大剂量组使用高剂量肾上腺素与阿托品联合治疗,比较患者的治疗效果。结果常规组患者的院前急救复苏成功率是57.69%,大剂量组患者的院前急救复苏成功率是84.62%,且常规组患者的自主循环恢复率、自主呼吸恢复率均低于大剂量组患者,差距比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。常规组患者治疗后发生8例并发症,大剂量组患者治疗后出现2例并发症(P<0.05)。结论大剂量肾上腺素在急性心脏骤停院前急救中的使用,可提升患者的复苏成功率,恢复患者的自主呼吸、循环能力,降低患者并发症发生率。 相似文献
2.
《台湾医志》2022,121(12):2490-2500
Background/PurposeOrthokeratology (Ortho-K), atropine eye drops and combined atropine with Ortho-K are proven to be effective ways to prevent myopic progression in many studies, but there is scarce evidence regarding the comparative efficacy of different dosages of atropine,Ortho-K, and combined atropine with Ortho-K for childhood myopia.MethodsWe performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the relative efficacy of the aforementioned interventions for myopic progression; moreover, we calculated the surface under cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) to determine the relative ranking of treatments.ResultsWe identified 19 randomized controlled trials (3435 patients). NMA revealed that 0.01%–1% atropine, Ortho-K, and 0.01% atropine combined with Ortho-K inhibited axial elongation (AL) over one year. For refractive change, SUCRA analysis revealed that the hierarchy was high-dose (0.5%–1%), moderate-dose (0.1%–0.25%), and low-dose (0.01%–0.05%) atropine. Regarding AL, SUCRA analysis revealed the following hierarchy: Ortho-K combined with 0.01% atropine, high-dose atropine, moderate-dose atropine, Ortho-K, and low-dose atropine.ConclusionIn conclusion, we found that atropine (0.01%–1%), Ortho-K, and 0.01% atropine combined with Ortho-K could significantly slow down myopia progression. The atropine efficacy followed a dose-related pattern; moreover, Ortho-K and low-dose atropine showed similar efficacy. There was a synergistic effect of using 0.01% atropine combined with Ortho-K, and it showed comparable efficacy to that of high-dose atropine. 相似文献
3.
Rana Arslan Sule Aydin Dilara Nemutlu Samur Nurcan Bektas 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(4):541-545
It is aimed to investigate the central antinociceptive effect of protocatechuic acid and the involvement of stimulation of opioidergic, serotonin 5-HT2A/2C, α2-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in protocatechuic acid-induced central analgesia in mice. Time-dependent antinociceptive effects of protocatechuic acid at the oral doses of 75, 150 and 300?mg/kg were tested in hot-plate (integrated supraspinal response) and tail-immersion (spinal reflex) tests in mice. To investigate the mechanisms of action; the mice administered 300?mg/kg protocatechuic acid (p.o.) were pre-treated with non-specific opioid antagonist naloxone (5?mg/kg, i.p.), serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin (1?mg/kg, i.p.), α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (1?mg/kg, i.p.) and non-specific muscarinic antagonist atropine (5?mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. The antinociceptive effect of protocatechuic acid was observed at the doses of 75, 150 and 300?mg/kg in tail-immersion test, at the doses of 150 and 300?mg/kg in hot-plate test at different time interval. The enhancement in the latency of protocatechuic acid-induced response to thermal stimuli was antagonized by yohimbine, naloxone and atropine in tail-immersion test, while it was antagonized only by yohimbine and naloxone pretreatments in hot-plate test. These results indicated that protocatechuic acid has the central antinociceptive action that is probably organized by spinal mediated cholinergic and opiodiergic, also spinal and supraspinal mediated noradrenergic modulation. However, further studies are required to understand how protocatechuic acid organizes the interactions of these modulatory systems. As a whole, these findings reinforce that protocatechuic acid is a potential agent that might be used for pain relief. Additionally, the clarification of the effect and mechanisms of action of protocatechuic acid will contribute to new therapeutic approaches and provide guidance for new drug development studies. 相似文献
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5.
Samantha S.Y. Lee David A. Mackey Gareth Lingham Julie M. Crewe Michael D. Richards Fred K. Chen Jason Charng Fletcher Ng Ian Flitcroft James J. Loughman Augusto Azuara‐Blanco Nicola S. Logan Christopher J. Hammond Audrey Chia Tan Tai Truong Antony Clark 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2020,48(5):569-579
6.
阿托品试验在脑死亡诊断中的价值 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨阿托品试验在脑死亡诊断中的价值,对7例呼吸心跳骤停经心肺复苏心跳恢复用呼吸机维持的病人,当GCS评分<5分开始,每隔6小时作阿托品试验、脑子反射检查、动脉血气分析,并连续心电图、血压、动态脑电图监测。结果:5例脑死亡,阿托品试验都明性;深昏迷时阿托品试验都阳性。脑死亡时阿托品试验增加心率次数与深昏迷时比较,两者差异显著(P<0.001)。提示每隔6小时作阿托品试验,连续2次阴性结果可作为脑死亡诊断标准之一。 相似文献
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9.
Bradford J. Bowls MD Jr. Jack M. Freeman MD James A. Luna MD William J. Meggs MD PhD 《Academic emergency medicine》2003,10(3):286-288
OBJECTIVE: Organophosphates are used as pesticides, herbicides, and chemical warfare agents. Treatment of organophosphate poisoning is with intravenous atropine and pralidoxime in addition to supportive care. This study determined the efficacy of oral agents in preventing death from organophosphate poisoning. METHODS: The organophosphate paraoxon (8 mg/kg) was used in a murine model with lethality at four and 24 hours as an end point. For oral treatment, 15 male Balbc mice were given either atropine sulfate (4 mg/kg), or a combination of atropine sulfate (4 mg/kg) with pralidoxime (100 mg/kg), by oral gavage. A control group of 22 mice received water by oral gavage. Chi-square analysis was used to compare results in the different groups. RESULTS: Of the control group, six of 22 survived to four hours after paraoxon exposure. Of the exposed animals treated with oral atropine, eight of 15 survived to four hours. Of the exposed animals treated with a combination of atropine and pralidoxime, 13 of 15 survived to four hours. All animals surviving to four hours survived to 24 hours. The increased survival of animals in the atropine group relative to the control group was not significant (p = 0.09). Survival was significant in the group treated with atropine and pralidoxime relative to atropine alone (p = 0.02) and to the control group (p = 0.0002). All treated mice surviving at four hours were alive at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Both oral atropine and a combination of oral atropine and pralidoxime improved survival, and combination therapy achieved statistical significance. Generalization of this result to other organophosphate pesticides, other doses of paraoxon, and other species cannot be made without further investigations. 相似文献
10.
Sachiko Miura Eijitsu Haku Toshiko Hirai Nagaaki Marugami Takahiro Itoh Takehiro Tanaka Kimihiko Kichikawa Hajime Ohishi 《Journal of Medical Ultrasonics》2008,35(2):51-56
Purpose During conservative therapy of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) with atropine sulfate, there are many patients
who do not achieve normal values of pyloric wall thickness and canal length even though they are clinically cured (vomiting
has ceased); an objective criterion for cure has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to examine whether the
appearance of pyloric wall stratification can be used as a criterion for cure.
Methods Twenty infants with IHPS who were treated conservatively were enrolled. Two of them ultimately required surgery. Ultrasound
examinations were done serially and the pyloric wall thickness and canal length were measured. The echogenicity of the pyloric
wall and the presence of wall stratification were noted.
Results On admission, all infants satisfied the ultrasound criteria for IHPS and had a heterogeneous pyloric wall without stratification.
With conservative therapy, symptoms disappeared, the pyloric wall thickness and the canal length gradually decreased, the
echogenicity gradually became homogeneous and hypoechoic, and wall stratification appeared (in most cases before the pyloric
wall thickness and the canal length had normalized). The absence of wall stratification suggests that cellular interstitial
changes, such as edema or inflammation, are present in the pyloric wall in the acute stage.
Conclusion Pyloric wall stratification was absent during the acute stage, but it appeared after initiation of treatment but before the
pyloric wall thickness and the canal length had normalized. The presence of pyloric wall stratification can be used as a criterion
for cure; the absence of wall stratification can be added to ultrasound diagnostic criteria for IHPS. 相似文献