Toxicological evaluation of Yulangsan polysaccharide in Wistar rats: A 26-week oral gavage study

Although numerous studies have proven the medicinal values of Yulangsan polysaccharide (YLSP), the toxicity of this active ingredient is unknown. In the acute toxicity study, a single oral administration of 24 g/kg YLSP caused neither toxicological symptoms nor mortality, and the LD₅₀ was estimated >24 g/kg. In the chronic toxicity study, we administered doses of 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 g/kg YLSP in rats by oral gavage for 26 weeks followed by a 3-week recovery period. There was no mortality or remarkable clinical signs observed during this 26-week study. Additionally, there were no toxic differences in the following parameters: body weight, food consumption, hematology, clinical biochemistry, organ weight, and macroscopic findings. There were no adverse effects on histopathology observed in males or female rats treated with YLSP. Based on the results, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level of YLSP in rats is greater than 2.4 g/kg when administered orally for 26 consecutive weeks.     

Modelling hypercholesterolaemia in rats using high cholesterol diet

Hypercholesterolaemia is a complex condition with multiple causes, including both lifestyle and genetic aspects. It is also a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are responsible for 172 million deaths/year. Although the reasons for hypercholesterolaemia are known, there are many critical questions that remain to be answered so that new therapeutics can be developed. In order to elucidate the pathobiology of this condition, animal models can mimic the pathology of human hypercholesterolaemia. One example of an animal model is induced by the hypercholesterolaemic diet in Wistar rats. The present review first summarizes the current understanding of the metabolic profile involved in hypercholesterolaemia in humans. Next it comments about the lack of consensus as to which hypercholesterolaemia induction protocol should be used. The present work aimed to review experimental studies that induced hypercholesterolaemia in Wistar rats it was not intended to judge the “best” model, since they all achieved the goal of inducing an increase in serum cholesterol.     

四妙勇安汤活性部位灌胃给药的急性毒性实验研究

目的观察四妙勇安汤活性部位(SMAF)灌胃给药的急性毒性。方法通过预实验,未获得动物的半数致死量,进行最大耐受量试验。选取昆明小鼠及Wistar大鼠各40只,雌雄各半,均分为给药组(20只)及对照组(20只),雌雄各半,给药组采用一次最大浓度和最大容积灌胃给药,小鼠灌胃剂量为6.0 g/kg,大鼠灌胃剂量为3.0 g/kg,对照组灌胃等容积0.5%羧甲基纤维素。观察给药14 d内,大、小鼠的行为、体质量、进食量、死亡率及毒性反应,计算药物的最大耐受量。结果给药后14 d内,与对照组相比,给药组雌雄小鼠、大鼠活动、行为、眼睑、分泌物、呼吸、腹形、排便等均无异常,未见因药物引起的死亡。给药组雌雄小鼠、大鼠给药后7、14 d体质量与对照组同期比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。给药组雌雄小鼠、大鼠药后7、14 d进食量与对照组同期比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。给药14 d后,处死各组小、大鼠,与对照组比较,给药组均未见脏器明显的肿大、萎缩、坏死、充血、出血、水肿等异常现象。四妙勇安汤活性部位一次性灌胃给药对小鼠最大耐受量6.0 g/kg(相当于人日推荐量的360倍);对大鼠最大耐受量3.0 g/kg(相当于人日推荐量的180倍)。结论 SMAF灌胃给药没有明显毒性。     

益气化瘀解毒法对慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生大鼠DNA甲基化酶3b基因的影响

目的观察益气化瘀解毒法对慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生模型大鼠DNA甲基化酶3b(DNMT3b)基因的影响。方法将60只SPF级健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为造模组50只、空白组10只。造模成功后将造模组剩余的33只大鼠随机分为模型组、维酶素组、消痞颗粒组,每组11只。模型组予0.9%氯化钠注射液,维酶素组予维酶素悬浊液,消痞颗粒组予消痞颗粒中药制备药液,各组均每日灌胃1次,连续治疗12周后检测各组大鼠DNMT3b蛋白表达量。结果维酶素组、模型组DNMT3b蛋白表达量较空白组均明显升高(P0.01);消痞颗粒组与空白组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。维酶素组、消痞颗粒组DNMT3b蛋白表达量较模型组降低(P0.01);消痞颗粒组低于维酶素组(P0.01)。结论中医益气化瘀解毒法可以逆转胃黏膜异型增生,其作用机制可能是通过下调DNMT3b而实现的。     

过量氟对大鼠切牙碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达的影响

目的 研究过量氟对大鼠切牙碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor，bFGF）表达的影响，从分子水平探讨氟牙症的发病机制。方法将20只Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为两组：对照组（饮用蒸馏水）和实验组（饮用100mg／L氟化水），复制氟牙症动物模型，8周末处死动物，获取切牙标本，免疫组化染色观察bFGF在大鼠切牙的表达定位及其在对照组与实验组切牙表达的变化。结果bFGF在分泌期成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞中均呈阳性表达。实验组bFGF的表达明显弱于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论过量氟可抑制bFGF的表达，从而影响上皮与间充质之间的相互介导作用，导致釉质发育障碍。     

Protective Role of Co-administration of Vitamin D in Monosodium Glutamate Induced Obesity in Female Rats

Purpose

Obesity in females is an emerging health problem. The consumption of MSG has been considered as a risk factor for obesity. The tastemakers in Chinese and fast foods, such as fish sauce and soy sauce, contain very high levels of glutamate. The deficiency of Vitamin D is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of co-administration of Vitamin D on body weight control in MSG-induced obese rats.

自体表皮细胞-纤维蛋白膜创面移植治疗大鼠烧伤

目的：观察自体表皮细胞-纤维蛋白膜移植到大鼠烧伤创面治疗皮肤缺损的效果。方法：健康Wistar大鼠20只,随机分成烧伤皮肤缺损造模组和自体表皮细胞-纤维蛋白膜移植治疗组,治疗后计算表皮细胞在纤维蛋白膜上最佳接种密度,观察移植后的各组创面愈合情况、创面伤口的收缩比例等。结果：在纤维蛋白膜上接种表皮细胞的最佳密度为5×10^4／cm2,烧伤皮肤缺损造模组创面完全愈合时间平均22．3d,自体表皮细胞-纤维蛋白膜移植治疗组为18．1d,造模组创面收缩率为（70±5）％,移植组为（20±5）％（均P〈0．05）。结论：自体表皮细胞-纤维蛋白膜可用于覆盖大面积烧伤造成的皮肤缺损,预防创面伤口瘢痕化的形成,减轻创面收缩率,加速皮肤缺损创面的愈合速度。     

经股动脉途径Wistar大鼠选择性肝动脉插管及造影技术

目的 探讨经股动脉途径Wistar大鼠选择性肝动脉插管及造影技术,为大鼠泡状棘球蚴病肝动脉灌注治疗提供可靠的实验方法。 方法 采用雄性Wistar大鼠30只,分别切开腹部及右侧腹股沟区,在直视下行经股动脉选择性肝动脉插管及造影术。 结果 30只Wistar大鼠,26只插管成功,24只造影成功。插管和造影的成功率分别为86.67%(26/30)和80.00%(24/30)。造影图像较为满意,可见动脉期早期肝动脉增宽、纡曲,可见"抱球征",毛细血管期可见病灶呈环形染色,中央染色变淡。 结论 经股动脉途径Wistar大鼠肝动脉插管及造影技术简便易行,成功率较高,可提高大鼠泡状棘球蚴病肝动脉灌注治疗研究的可靠性与准确性。     

Inhibitory effect of Crocus sativus L. ethanol extract on adjuvant-induced arthritis

Saffron is a well-known spice produced from dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L. flowers. Apart from its wide use in food preparations, it also has a broad range of medical properties. We examined the potential anti-inflammatory effects of saffron ethanolic extract (SEE) using an animal model of arthritis. Adjuvant-induced arthritis was induced in Wistar rats by injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant. The rats were then injected intraperitoneally every other day with 25–600 mg SEE/kg or dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg). Changes in body weight, paw oedema and arthritis indices were recorded over the subsequent 12 days of treatment. Results revealed that SEE particularly at the higher concentrations significantly reduced paw and tibiotarsal joint diameters and comparing with DEX caused no significant change in body weight. These observations suggest that SEE displays a considerable anti-inflammatory potency and could potentially be used as an anti-arthritic agent in control of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.