重庆大娄山脉毛茛科珍贵药用植物及民间验方

本文介绍在第四次全国中药资源普查中对重庆大娄山脉的调查,从民间收集珍贵的中草药传统使用经验及知识。通过访问并采集相关的植物标本,整理出8种毛茛科珍贵草药——金山铜骨七、金山拐枣七、金山绿升麻、金山拐子药、金山鸡爪连、溪边飞蛾七、金山岩乌头、雪上一枝蒿,并对其基源植物、凭证标本、采集加工、单验方进行梳理。     

New dianthramide and cinnamic ester glucosides from the roots of Aconitum carmichaelii

Four new compounds N-salicyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (1), N-(2′-dehydroxysalicyl)-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (2), methyl-4-β-D-allopyranosyl-ferulate (3), and methyl-4-β-D-gulopyranosyl-cinnamate (4), along with six known compounds (5–10), were isolated from the roots of Aconitum carmichelii Debx. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis, including 1D, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. Compounds 1 and 2 showed the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production with IC₅₀ values of 9.13 and 19.94 μM, respectively.     

Four new C20-diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum rotundifolium

Four new C₂₀-diterpenoid alkaloids, rotundifosines D-G (1–4), along with eight known ones (5–12) were isolated from the whole plant of Aconitum rotundifolium Kar. & Kir. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including HR-ESI-MS and 1D, 2D NMR. Rotundifosine F (3) is a rare C₂₀-diterpenoid alkaloid with quaternary ammonium salt. Alkaloids 1–4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG2 human cancer cell lines.     

Norditerpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium anthriscifolium

Two new norditerpenoid alkaloids with lycoctonine skeleton, anthriscifolcones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the whole plant of Delphinium anthriscifolium var. Majus by extensive column chromatography. Their structures were established by IR, MS, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and 2D NMR methods (including HSQC, ¹H–¹H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY experiments).     

新疆特产7种乌头类药材的 ISSR 特征分析

目的：探讨新疆特产准噶尔乌头、多根乌头、白喉乌头、那拉提乌头、空茎乌头、林地乌头、拟黄花乌头共7个种共41个居群间的遗传多样性和变异情况,为药材鉴定提供 DNA 特征。方法利用植物基因组提取试剂盒提取 DNA,采用紫外分光光度法检测 DNA 的浓度和纯度,使用60种哥伦比亚引物分别对7个种共41个居群的乌头基因进行 ISSR 分析,应用 NTSYS-PC2．10和 POPGEN32对所得数据进行处理,计算不同种乌头的遗传相似系数和遗传距离,采用非加权平均法（UPGMA）进行聚类,构建亲缘关系系统图,用主坐标分析法绘制二维、三维散点图。结果从60个引物中筛选出13个条带清晰、多态性明显且重复性好的引物用于扩增,共扩增得到163个条带,其中多样性条带151个。根据 ISSR 聚类分析,41个居群的乌头可聚为7大类群,与种的分类相当符合;而且乌头类药材在多个引物下具有特征的 DNA 标记。结论乌头种质资源间具有很高的多态性,遗传变异较大;ISSR 分子标记法可用于7种药材的鉴别,提供了分子水平依据,也为构建其 DNA 指纹图谱提供可能。     

民族药铁棒锤炮制前后乌头碱和3-脱氧乌头碱含量的HPLC分析

目的:探讨藏医、羌医和回医所采用的不同炮制方法对民族药铁棒锤中乌头碱和3-脱氧乌头碱等毒性成分含量的影响,考察炮制与毒性的相关性.方法:采用HPLC方法,色谱柱为Kromasil C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相:甲醇-水-三乙胺(95∶5∶0.3);流速:1.0 mL/min;检测波长:235 nm;柱温:25℃.结果:与生品相比,各炮制品中乌头碱和3-脱氧乌头碱含量均有所降低,其中,温度是破坏两者双酯型结构和降低毒性的最主要因素.结论:所测成分色谱峰均能达到基线分离,方法稳定,藏医采用的方法较多且减毒效果最好.     

丝叶唐松草中—新三萜皂甙

从丝叶唐松草根中分得一新的三萜皂甙,命名为thalifoenoside A,根据光谱和化学方法确定其结构为3β,22(S),27-三羟基-24-烯-环菠萝蜜烷,3-O-β-D-鸡纳糖基-(1→2)-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-(4-乙酰基)-葡萄糖甙,其甙元亦为一新的化合物。此外还分到3个已知物thalifendlerine,N-methylcorydaldine,β-谷甾醇。     

Analgesic effect of Coptis chinensis rhizomes (Coptidis Rhizoma) extract on rat model of irritable bowel syndrome

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Coptis chinensis rhizomes (Coptidis Rhizoma, CR), also known as “Huang Lian”, is a common component of traditional Chinese herbal formulae used for the relief of abdominal pain and diarrhea. Yet, the action mechanism of CR extract in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome is unknown. Thus, the aim of our present study is to investigate the effect of CR extract on neonatal maternal separation (NMS)-induced visceral hyperalgesia in rats and its underlying action mechanisms.

Materials and methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 3-h daily maternal separation from postnatal day 2 to day 21 to form the NMS group. The control group consists of unseparated normal (N) rats. From day 60, rats were administrated CR (0.3, 0.8 and 1.3 g/kg) or vehicle (Veh; 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose solution) orally for 7 days for the test and control groups, respectively.

Results

Electromyogram (EMG) signals in response to colonic distension were measured with the NMS rats showing lower pain threshold and increased EMG activity than those of the unseparated (N) rats. CR dose-dependently increased pain threshold response and attenuated EMG activity in the NMS rats. An enzymatic immunoassay study showed that CR treatment significantly reduced the serotonin (5HT) concentration from the distal colon of NMS rats compared to the Veh (control) group. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western-blotting studies showed that CR treatment substantially reduced NMS induced cholecystokinin (CCK) expression compared with the Veh group.

Conclusions

These results suggest that CR extract robustly reduces visceral pain that may be mediated via the mechanism of decreasing 5HT release and CCK expression in the distal colon of rats.     

民族药铁棒锤炮制减毒原理初步研究

目的:研究铁棒锤不同炮制方法的炮制减毒原理。方法:采用高效液相色谱法和急性毒性试验比较铁棒锤炮制前后化学成分和毒性的变化。结果:生品中的主要毒性成分为乌头碱、去氧乌头碱和3-乙酰乌头碱,炮制品中这3种生物碱的含量降低,苯甲酰乌头原碱的含量增加,新出现了polyschistine-D,beyzoyldeoxyaconine,16-epi-pyroaconitine,16-epi-pyrodeoxya-conitine等生品中所不含的生物碱,从结构上分析,这些新增的成分由乌头碱等毒性成分转化而来。结论:铁棒锤的炮制减毒原理与乌头碱等有毒成分通过酯键水解和高温热解的方式转化成毒性小的成分有关,不同炮制方法均能够达到减毒的目的。