Early undernourishment interferes with the maternal aggressive response triggered by an intruder entering the homing cage

The maternal aggressive response (MAR) against intruders is temporarily expressed during lactation in association with the rearing and protection of offspring to promote their survival and growth in the nest. This normal component of maternal behaviour requires both the hormonal changes occurring at the end of pregnancy and the presence of pups for its establishment. Because early food restriction in the rat results in long-term maternal deficiencies, we analysed in Wistar rats the effects of perinatal undernutrition on the MAR to an intruder at days 1, 4, and 8 postpartum. The data showed that undernourished dams exhibited significant reductions of sniffing frequency on days 4 and 8 and significant increases of biting on day 4 and of lateral attacks on postpartum days 4 and 8. The finding of an altered MAR during the lactating period may be relevant for the survival and long-term behavioural development of the progeny.     

EFFECT OF ERYTHROMYCIN ON GASTRIC DYSMOTILITY AND NEUROENDOCRINE PEPTIDES IN RATS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective To investigate the effect of erythromycin on the contractive activity of the isolated gastric antrum smooth muscle and somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin (MTL), and substance P (SP) in plasma and isolated gastric antrum tissue of diabetes mellitus (DM) rat models. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group (n = 10), DM group (n =10), and erythromycin group (DM models with erythromycin treatment, n = 10). A single dose of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg,dissolved in 0.1 mol/L citric acid buffer, pH4.5) was injected intraperitoneally. After 48 to 72 hours, rats with blood glucose above 16.7 mmol/L and urine glucose level to be ( ) to ( ) over one week were considered successful DM models. The resting tension, mean contractile amplitude and frequency of spontaneous change in isolated longitudinal and circular gastric antrum smooth muscle strips were measured. SS, VIP, MTL, and SP levels in plasma and gastric antrum tissue were measured using radioimmunoassay. Results (1) In the isolated gastric antrum smooth muscle strips, the gastric motility parameters were lower in DM group than those in control group except circular smooth muscle contractile amplitude and longitudinal smooth muscle contractile frequency. The gastric motility parameters were significantly strengthened in erythromycin group, compared with DM group except longitudinal smooth muscle resting tension (P ＜ 0.01). (2) Plasma SS, VIP, and MTL concentrations in DM group were higher than those in control (P ＜ 0.05), while the SP level decreased (P ＜ 0.05). In the gastric antrum, SS of DM group was significantly higher than that of control group (P ＜ 0.01), while SP and MTL levels were lower than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05 and P ＜ 0.01, respectively). However, the level of VIP in gastric antrum tissue did not change among three groups. The plasma level of SS in erythromycin group was higher than that of DM group(P＜ 0.05). (3) The blood glucose was lower in erythromycin group than DM group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Erythromycin has direct effects on contractive activity of gastric smooth muscle in diabetic rats, but there are few effects on neuroendocrine peptides. Gastric-motility disorders in diabetic rats have a correlation with the changes of neuroendocrine peptide levels in plasma and gastric antrum tissue.     

EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE ON REPERFUSION INJURY FOLLOWING PANCREATICODUODENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN RATS

NITRIC oxide(NO ) isa potentvasodilatofrormswhen L-arginine(L-Arg)isconvertedtoL-Citrul-lineby theactionofNO synthase(NOS ),and pla-ysa major roleinmicrocirculatorhyomeostasis.1 NO isalsoa diffusiblientercellulmaerssenger moleculethatdoes notrequirespecialmembrane carrier,sand a highlyreactivseub-stancewitha veryshorthalf-lifdeue toitschemicalinstabi-lityas a radicalspecies.2,3 Posttransplantatipoanncreatitisand graftthrombosisaretwo majorcomplicationosf pancreastransplantatiocnontribut…     

胃舒散对五氯硝基苯致肝损伤的保护作用

[目的] 观察胃舒散对五氯硝基苯(PCNB)所致肝损伤的保护作用.[方法] SD大鼠随机分为4组,即正常组,模型组,胃舒散高、低剂量组(剂量分别为2.50、1.25 g·kg-1·d-1);除正常组外,其他组均在给药后1 h灌胃PCNB(剂量为400 mg·kg-1·d-1),连续15 d.检测各组肝脏指数,血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平和肝组织丙二醛(MDA)含量,并行肝组织病理学检查.[结果] 与正常组比较,模型组肝脏指数,血清GOT、ALP水平,肝组织MDA含量均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),肝组织坏死灶数显著增加(P<0.01);胃舒散高、低剂量组可显著降低肝脏指数,血清GOT、ALP水平和肝组织MDA含量,减少肝组织坏死灶数(与模型组比较,P<0.05或P<0.01),减轻肝组织病理损伤.[结论] 胃舒散对PCNB所致肝损伤具有一定的保护作用.     

银杏内酯B衍生物对血栓形成的抑制作用

【目的】观察银杏内酯B衍生物（XQ）对实验性血栓形成的影响。【方法】选用sD雄性大鼠随机分为模型对照组,曲克芦丁组（剂量为48mg&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1）,银杏内酯B（GB）组（剂量为7．8mg&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1）,xQ低、中、高剂量组（剂量分别为3．9、7．8、15．6mg&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1）。分别采用颈动-静脉旁路法复制血栓模型及电刺激法复制混合血栓模型,观察XQ对血栓形成的影响。选用ICR雄性小鼠随机分为模型对照组,曲克芦丁组（剂量为96mg&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1）,GB组（剂量为15．6mg&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1）,XQ低、中、高剂量组（剂量分别为7．8、15．6、31．2mg&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1）。采用5’一腺苷二磷酸二钠盐（ADP）致小鼠急性肺血栓模型,观察XQ对血栓形成的影响。【结果】XQ中、高剂量组均能显著减轻大鼠动脉血栓的湿、干质量（与模型对照组比较,P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,显著延长大鼠混合血栓形成时间（与模型对照组比较,P〈0．05）。XQ高剂量组对小鼠急性肺血栓形成有抑制作用,并可显著缩短小鼠的喘促持续时间（与模型对照组比较,P〈0．05）。【结论】XO具有一定的抗血栓形成作用。     

术后早期灌服小承气合剂对大鼠结肠吻合术后吻合口愈合的影响

【目的】观察大鼠结肠吻合术后早期灌服小承气合剂对吻合口愈合的影响。【方法】选用Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为中药组与模型组,2组均行结肠切除吻合术造模。中药组术后早期灌服小承气合剂（剂量为15g&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1）,模型组同期灌服净化自来水。分别于术后第3、7、14天每组取10只动物进行剖腹探查,观察吻合口评分并进行吻合口急性压力负载试验及组织学观察评分。【结果】中药组吻合口评分显著低于模型组（P〈0．05）,且术后第3、7天检测压力升高至40mmHg时均未见吻合口破裂情况出现。术后第14天检测2组吻合口破裂压力（ABS）,中药组显著高于模型组（P〈0．05）。组织学观察发现中药组吻合口组织愈合时间较模型组提早,愈合强度较模型组增强。【结论】结肠吻合术后早期灌服小承气合剂可以加快吻合口愈合,加强吻合口愈合强度,对吻合口有一定的保护作用。     

Quality assessment of robot assisted thoracic surgical resection of non-small cell lung cancer: nodal upstaging and mediastinal recurrence

BackgroundRobot assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is the minimally invasive surgical technique of choice for treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), at the Isala Hospital. The aim of this study is to compare clinical and pathological staging results and mediastinal recurrence after RATS for anatomical resections of lung cancer as surrogate markers for quality of mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND).MethodsThis single institute retrospective study was conducted in patients who underwent RATS for NSCLC. Excluded were patients with a history of concurrent malignant disease, with other previous neoplasms, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and patients in whom the robotic technique was converted to thoracotomy, prior to lymph node dissection. Data were obtained from the hospital database. The difference between clinical and pathological staging was expressed as upstaging and downstaging. Computed Tomography scanning was used for follow-up, and diagnosis of mediastinal recurrence.ResultsFrom November 2011 to May 2016, 227 patients underwent RATS at Isala Hospital Zwolle, the Netherlands. Of those, 130 (mean age, 69.5±9.3 years) met the eligibility criteria. Preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging was done by endoscopic ultrasound/endobronchial ultrasound, by positron emission tomography (PET) or mediastinoscopy. In 14 patients (10.8%) unforeseen N2 disease was found, 6 patients (4.6%) were upstaged from cN0 to pN2 and 8 patients (6.2%) were upstaged from cN1 to pN2. Mediastinal recurrence was detected in 7 patients (5.4%) during a median follow-up of 54 months (range, 1.5–102 months).ConclusionsIn patients with NSCLC, who underwent anatomical resection by means of RATS, an unforeseen N2 disease rate of 10.8% was demonstrated and a mediastinal recurrence rate of 5.4%. It is concluded that robotic surgery provides an accurate lymph node dissection.     

Esophageal Varices in Rat Models of Liver Cirrhosis

Animal models resembling the human situation arevery useful to investigate human disease. However, therehas been no evidence of esophageal varices in rats withliver cirrhosis. In the present study, to determine whether intrahepatic portalhypertension produced by liver cirrhosis inducesesophageal varices in rats, the esophagus was examinedendoscopically in rat models of liver cirrhosis. Allrats given carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide and sixof seven rats given a choline-deficient diet hadesophageal varices or venous dilatation after 16 weeksof treatment, although the varices in one rat given carbon tetrachloride and in two rats given acholine-deficient diet were reduced from weeks 16 to 18.These findings suggest that timing is important whenstudying esophageal varices in rat models of liver cirrhosis. It is concluded that certain modelsof liver cirrhosis in rats could be used as models ofesophageal varices due to intrahepatic portalhypertension.     

两面针对盐酸乙醇致大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响

【目的】考察两面针4个部位(根、茎、叶、地上部分)对大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响,为两面针扩大药用部位提供参考。【方法】观察两面针根、茎、叶、地上部分对盐酸乙醇致大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响,同时观察不同剂量两面针叶对消炎痛致大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响。【结果】两面针根、茎、叶、地上部分均可减轻盐酸乙醇所致大鼠胃黏膜损伤;30 g.kg-1.d-1剂量两面针叶可减轻消炎痛所致大鼠胃黏膜损伤。【结论】两面针根、茎、叶及地上部分均具有一定的胃黏膜保护作用。