气相色谱用于肠通透性监测的研究

作者采用国产气相色谱及９２０２微机数据处理系统，对临床患者和实验动物肠通透性改变进行监测。该方法以甘露醇（Ｍ）和乳果糖（Ｌ）为探针，用气相色谱检测尿中糖分泌率及Ｌ／Ｍ比值。结果显示，测定标准品Ｍ和Ｌ随进样量增加而呈线性改变，与国外学者报道一致。比较不同浓度进口与国产乳果糖，证明二者在研究肠通透性方面高度相关（ｒ＝０．９９）。检测急性胰腺炎并发感染动物的尿标本，发现乳果糖大量排出，Ｌ／Ｍ值明显增加。作者认为，气相色谱为一行之有效的方法用于肠通透性监测，有助于临床上对内源性感染及脓毒症的早期诊断。     

卵巢癌肠道转移64例临床分析

目的回顾性分析卵巢癌肠道转移瘤的临床特点,评价手术切除的可行性及其与预后的关系。方法64例肠道转移卵巢癌术前全面评估肠道受累程度。采用肿瘤细胞减灭术并行盆腔淋巴结清扫和腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除或/及活检术。肠道手术包括肿瘤剥除术或/及肠修补术、肠切除吻合术和结肠造口术。术后予以规律化疗,分析术后并发症及预后。结果54例直肠/乙状结肠转移(84.4%),其他部位结肠转移26例,小肠转移18例;肠浆膜层及浅肌层浸润47例,深肌层及粘膜层浸润17例;上皮性癌侵及肠粘膜者4例(7.7%),生殖细胞肿瘤无一例侵及肠粘膜;行肿瘤剥除44例,肠切除20例;直肠乙状结肠切除 吻合14例,6例行结肠造口。达到理想细胞减灭术56例(87.5%),其化疗后缓解率为58.9%,部分切除者8例化疗缓解率为12.5%;49例规则化疗者缓解率为65.3%,未完成充分化疗者为15.4%。术后并发症发生率26.6%,2例死于腹膜炎。结论肠道是卵巢癌的常见转移部位,肠道的肿瘤剥除和肠切除术是达到理想肿瘤细胞减灭术的先决条件,术后规则化疗能改善卵巢癌患者预后。     

一氧化碳保护大鼠肠道对抗LPS的作用机制

目的： 探讨外源性CO对LPS攻击时大鼠肠道的保护作用及作用机制。 方法： 血气分析监测大鼠呼吸参数，在1、3、6 h的时点上，分别对空白组、脂多糖组（LPS，5 mg/kg）、低浓度CO吸入组（CO 250 mL/M3）、腹腔内CO注射组（CO 2 mL/kg）、脂多糖CO吸入组（LPS 5 mg/kg+CO 250 mL/M3）和脂多糖血症CO腹腔内注射组（LPS 5 mg/kg+CO 2 mL/kg），用硫代巴比妥酸法（TBA）测定肠道丙二醛（MDA）含量，用羟胺法测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，并应用RT-PCR检测肠道组织内的血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）mRNA的变化。 结果: 给予250 mL/M3的CO持续吸入以及2 mL/kg的CO腹腔内注射，在1、3、6 h时点上，大鼠无缺氧情况的出现。两种方法给予外源性的CO，均降低了内毒素血症时大鼠肠道组织中的MDA含量，提高了SOD的活性，同时诱导了肠组织的HO-1 mRNA 的表达。 结论: 低浓度的CO吸入（250 mL/M3）和一次性腹腔内注射CO（2 mL/kg）补充对大鼠是安全的，补充低浓度或小剂量的外源性CO可以对脂多糖血症肠道提供保护作用，并可以刺激HO-1的产生，促进内源性的CO产生发挥抗炎作用。     

Effects of a feed additive blend on broilers challenged with heat stress

ABSTRACT

We evaluated a blend of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), organic acids, and a polyphenol antioxidant on gut integrity. Eighty Ross Broilers were exposed to 20–22°C (control – normothermic) or to 35–39.5°C (heat stress) for eight hours a day for a period of 1 or 5 days. Birds were fed a standard diet, or a diet supplemented with the test blend. Thereafter, birds were euthanized, and intestinal sections were excised for morphological, morphometric and gene expression analyses. Blood samples were collected for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) determination. Heart and liver tissues were used to quantify the expression of heat shock proteins 60 and 70 (HSP60 and HSP70, respectively) and inhibitor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells alpha (IKBA). The jejunum was the most sensitive intestinal section, where heat stress modulated the expression of HSP70, of the inflammatory markers IKBA, interleukin 8 (IL-8), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Moreover, expression of tight junctions (CLDN1, ZO1 and ZO2) and nutrient transporters (PEPT1 and EAAT3) was modulated especially in the jejunum. In conclusion, the feed additive blend protected intestines during heat stress from the decrease in villus height and crypt depth, and from the increase in villus width. Especially in the jejunum, heat stress played an important role by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, impairing gut integrity and nutrient transport, and such deleterious effects were alleviated by the feed additive blend.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

• Jejunum is the most sensitive intestinal segment during heat stress.

• Heat stress affects the expression of tight junctions and nutrient transporters.

• Feed management helps to alleviate the disturbances caused by heat stress.

• A blend of MCFA, organic acids and a polyphenol protects broilers under heat stress.

     

滋阴活血润肠药对肠黏膜屏障保护作用机制的研究

目的观察滋阴活血润肠药便可通对 SD大鼠烫伤后1周内肠壁组织T淋巴细胞和 IgA浆细胞数量的变化及内毒素的影响,探讨本法对肠黏膜屏障保护作用的机制,以期为临床探寻更有效的肠黏膜保护药物.方法SD大鼠70只随机分成三组,滋阴活血润肠药治疗组(便可通组)30只,对照组(单纯烫伤组)30只,制备成烫伤模型,分别予以便可通、生理盐水灌胃;另正常组10只;均检测 T淋巴细胞和 IgA浆细胞数量的变化及内毒素的含量.结果滋阴活血润肠药便可通可明显抑制烫伤模型大鼠内毒素易位,增加 CD3 、CD4 、IgA细胞数量.结论滋阴活血润肠药便可通有较理想的肠道屏障保护作用,预防肠道屏障功能障碍引发的全身炎性反应综合征和内毒素血症;能够有效抑制烫伤大鼠炎性细胞因子的过度释放,从而减轻急性炎性反应,避免组织器官进一步损伤并可增加免疫调节功能,此为保护肠道屏障的重要机制之一.     

Detection and identification of intestinal pathogenic bacteria by hybridization to oligonucleotide microarrays

AIM: To detect the common intestinal pathogenic bacteria quickly and accurately. METHODS: A rapid (<3 h) experimental procedure was set up based upon the gene chip technology. Target genes were amplified and hybridized by oligonucleotide microarrays. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy strains of bacteria in pure culture belonging to 11 genera were successfully discriminated under comparatively same conditions, and a series of specific hybridization maps corresponding to each kind of bacteria were obtained. When this method was applied to 26 divided cultures, 25 (96.2%) were identified. CONCLUSION: Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus sp., Bacillus cereus, Vibrio choterae, Enterococcus faecalis, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Campylobacter jejuni can be detected and identified by our microarrays. The accuracy, range, and discrimination power of this assay can be continually improved by adding further oligonucleotides to the arrays without any significant increase of complexity or cost.     

内镜超声诊断肠道子宫内膜异位症二例

子宫内膜异位症是指具有生长活力的子宫内膜组织在子宫腔以外部位的异常生长。肠壁异位内膜组织受卵巢激素周期性刺激而发生增生、出血、脱落,临床可有不同程度的肠道刺激症状。本文报道了2例因腹部非特异性症状就诊,肠镜下不典型,后经内镜超声、病灶活检确诊的肠道子宫内膜异位症的患者诊治情况。     

一氧化氮与大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤关系的研究

目的了解一氧化氮(NO)与大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤之间存在的关系。方法制作肠缺血再灌注损伤的动物模型,设立对照组、缺血组、再灌注45min和90min组,检测不同时点血浆NO浓度、肠组织一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)免疫组化染色光密度及肠管病理损伤程度。结果伴随肠缺血再灌注进程,各组大鼠Chiu病理评分及iNOS免疫组化染色光密度值依次升高,且组间均有显著性差异。F值分别为287.13,62.484,P均小于0.01。而血浆NO含量则是在再灌注后才呈现渐增趋势,F=38.667,P<0.01。结论肠组织中iNOS表达在缺血期即被激活,由iNOS催化合成的NO在大鼠肠缺血再灌注过程中基本以致损作用为主。     

影像学检查诊断肠重复畸形13例分析

目的探讨影像学检查诊断小儿肠重复畸形的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院13例小儿肠重复畸形病例的临床资料、辅助检查及特殊造影方法。结果13例均于术中证实为肠重复畸形,病理检查管状型5例,肠外囊肿型5例,肠内囊肿型3例。经术前影像学诊断腹部有明显阳性体征者11例,2例于剖腹探查术中确诊,术前影像学诊断阳性率为84.6%。结论肠重复畸形可通过不同的影像学方法进行诊断,特殊病例于术中造影对完整切除病变,防止复发有重要意义。