DHS治疗股骨转子部骨折的临床应用体会

随着社会人口老龄化,股骨转子部骨折的发生率不断增高。虽然股骨转子部血运丰富,骨折容易愈合;但是如果处理不当,仍然可能预后功能不良。笔者回顾了我科自2001年8月至2004年5月期间应用动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定治疗89例股骨转子部骨折,报道如下。临床资料本组89例,男33例,女56例;     

A technique for frameless stereotaxy and placement of transarticular screws for atlanto-axial instability in rheumatoid arthritis

The aim of the present study was to outline a new surgical technique and describe how, in a clinical setting, computer-generated image-guidance can assist in the planning and accurate placement of transarticular C1/C2 screws inserted using a minimally invasive exposure. Forty-six patients with atlanto-axial instability due to rheumatoid arthritis underwent posterior stabilisation with transarticular screws. This was achieved with a minimal posterior exposure limited to C1 and C2 and percutaneous screw insertions via minor stab incisions. The Stealth Station (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, Tenn., USA) was used for image guidance to navigate safely through C2. Reconstructed computed tomographic (CT) scans of the atlanto-axial complex were used for image guidance. It was possible to perform preoperative planning of the screw trajectory taking into account the position of the intraosseous portion of the vertebral arteries, the size of the pars interarticularis and the quality of bone in C2. Screws could be inserted percutaneously over K-wires using a drill guide linked to the image-guidance system. Preoperative planning was performed in all 46 patients and accurate registration allowed proposed screw trajectories to be identified. Thirty-eight patients had bilateral screws inserted and eight had a unilateral screw. A total of 84 screws were inserted using the Stealth Station. There were no neurovascular injuries. This technique for placing transarticular screws is accurate and safe. It allows a minimally invasive approach to be followed. Image guidance is a useful adjunct for the surgeon undertaking complex spinal procedures.     

The contralateral lamina: a reliable guide in subaxial,cervical pedicle screw placement

We have assessed the clinical observation that the angle of the contralateral lamina matches the angle required from the sagital plane for the placement of pedicle screws in the subaxial cervical spine. Fifty-four randomly chosen axial CT scans taken between December 2003 and December 2004 were examined. Subjects were excluded if the scan showed signs of fracture, tumour or gross abnormality. The digitised images were analysed on the Philips PACS system using SECTRA software. One hundred and sixty-eight individual vertebrae were assessed between C3 and C7. The following were measured; the angle of the pedicle relative to the sagital plane, the smallest internal and external diameter of the pedicles and the angle of the lamina. Angular measures had a CV% of 3.9%. The re-measurement error for distance was 0.5 mm. Three hundred and thirty-six pedicles were assessed in 25 females and 29 males. Average age was 48.2 years (range 17–85). Our morphologic data from live subjects was comparable to previous cadaveric data. Mean pedicle external diameter was 4.9 mm at C3 and 6.6 mm at C7. Females were marginally smaller than males. Left and right did not significantly differ. In no case was the pedicle narrower than 3.2 mm. Mean pedicle angle was 130° at C3 and 140° at C7. The contralateral laminar angle correlated well at C3, 4, 5 (R ² = 0.9, C3 P = 0.002, C4 P = 0.06, C5 P = 0.0004) and was within 1° of pedicle angle. At C6, 7 it was within 11°. In all cases a line parallel to the lamina provided a safe corridor of 3 mm for a pedicle implant. The contralateral lamina provides a reliable intraoperative guide to the angle from the sagital plane for subaxial cervical pedicle instrumentation in adults.     

Biomechanical evaluation of sacroiliac joint fixation with decortication

Background Context

Fusion typically consists of joint preparation, grafting, and rigid fixation. Fusion has been successfully used to treat symptomatic disruptions of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and degenerative sacroiliitis using purpose-specific, threaded implants. The biomechanical performance of these systems is important but has not been studied.

Evaluation of different shape-memory staple configurations against crossed screws for first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis: A biomechanical study

Background

The first metatarsophalangeal joint may be fused in order to treat arthritis or instability. The use of shape-memory staples for fixation is well recognised, but little work has been done into the optimal configuration of staples.

PFN 、DHS 、ALP 治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效观察

【目的】探讨股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）、动力髋螺钉（DHS）及解剖锁定钢板（ALP）治疗股骨转子间骨折患者的临床疗效。【方法】回顾性分析138例股骨转子间骨折患者临床资料,根据其内固定器械使用情况分成PFN组（A组,n ＝50）、DHS组（B组,n ＝42）和ALP组（C组,n ＝46）三组。比对三组患者手术历时、术中失血量、切口直径、骨折愈合时间、患肢负重时间、总住院时间、尖顶距（T AD ）值等治疗指标。随访12个月,记录两组患者术前、术后3个月及术后12个月髋关节功能评分（Harris）并比较。【结果】三组患者 TAD值比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞00．5）;A组患者手术历时、术中失血量、切口直径、骨折愈合时间、患肢负重时间及总住院时间均显著低于B、C组患者,差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜00．5）;B组患者切口直径、骨折愈合时间及总住院时间与C组患者比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞00．5）,而手术历时、术中失血量、患肢负重时间均显著高于C组患者,差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。术前及术后12个月时,三组患者 Harris评分及Harris优良率比较差异均无统计学意义（ P ＞00．5）;术后3个月时,A组患者Harris评分及Harris优良率均明显高于B组患者及C组患者,其差异有统计学意义（P ＜00．5）。A组手术并发症发生率为100．％（5／50）, B组为95．％（4／42）,C组为109．％（5／46）,三组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P ＞00．5）;三组患者术后均无骨折不愈合、内固定断裂、髋内翻及深静脉血栓等并发症发生。【结论】相对DHS和 ALP而言,PFN具有手术历时短、切口小、术中出血量少、恢复期短、并发症发生风险低、预后理想等优势,是治疗股骨转子间骨折的理想治疗方案,值得临床推广。     

伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床研究

目的探讨经伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折及维持后凸畸形矫形的有效性。方法 2000年6月～2007年6月共68例,所有患者随机分为4组,每组17人。组1:单纯长节段固定;组2:长节段内固定+伤椎置钉;组3:单纯短节段固定;组4:单纯短节段+伤椎置钉。对所有患者术前、术后、随访期间的临床与放射性参数进行评估。结果平均随访47个月,未出现内固定松动或断裂现象。各组间年龄、骨折节段、随访时间以及载荷评分各指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),各组间手术时间、住院时间及失血量没有显著性差异(P>0.05),各组间术前后凸角接近(P>0.05)。术中后凸角矫正度数第4组最低,随访发现后凸角矫正维持效果以第1、2、4组较好。各组间术前椎体前缘平均高度百分比接近(P>0.05),第3组术后椎体前缘高度最高,第1、2、4组术后椎体前缘高度降低。结论同时经伤椎置钉椎弓根螺钉系统固定治疗胸腰椎骨折是一种行之有效的方法。伤椎置钉可获得并维持更好的后凸畸形矫正,其在短节段实用性更强。     

老年股骨粗隆间骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者术前合并症、术后并发症的预防处理,手术方式及临床疗效。方法手术采用有限切开、复位固定、假体置换治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折43例。结果术中输血12例,平均输血400ml。术后14～35d可扶拐负重行走。43例获随访4～48个月,骨折临床愈合时间平均为4．6个月。按Harris评分标准：优14例,良23例,可6例,优良率达86．0％。无并发症发生。结论手术采用有限切开复位内固定,假体置换治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折是一种较好的治疗方法,具有早期下地活动训练,功能恢复好,提高生活质量,疗效满意。     

AO钛制弹性髓内钉结合自体骨髓囊腔注射治疗儿童长骨骨囊肿

目的 探讨AO钛制弹性髓内钉结合自体骨髓囊腔注射治疗儿童长骨单纯性骨囊肿的疗效及特点.方法 肱骨、股骨单纯性骨囊肿患儿18例,男11例,女7例;年龄6～12岁,平均8.1岁;肱骨近端12例,股骨近端5例,股骨中段1例;按Neer等标准,活动期12例,静止期6例.使用AO钛制弹性髓内钉结合自体骨髓囊腔注射进行治疗.测量治疗后3、6、12、18个月的X线片示囊肿残留静止透光区面积并进行统计学分析,评估骨囊肿的愈合情况.结果 18例患儿均获得随访,随访时间11～23个月,平均16个月.骨囊肿愈合时间3～6个月,平均4.8个月.囊肿愈合6例(33.3%),缺损愈合12例(66.7%),愈合率100%.3、6、12、18个月X线片示囊肿残留静止透光区面积逐渐减小,各时间点比较差异有统计学意义.术后除1例患儿因钉尾刺激引起轻度皮肤激惹症状外,余均未发现其他并发症及病理性骨折.结论 AO钛制弹性髓内钉结合自体骨髓囊腔注射治疗儿童骨囊肿不仅囊肿愈合快,愈合率高,而且病灶骨能即刻获得力学稳定,同时可有效预防病理性骨折的发生.