柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床观察

目的 研究柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床疗效。方法 选取昆山市中医医院脾胃肝胆科2014年1月至2016年12月因胆总管结石行ERCP取石病例120例，按随机数字表法将120例病例随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各60例，治疗组口服自拟柴芍四金汤，每日1剂，水煎400 mL，分早晚两次温服，随证加减；对照组口服熊去氧胆酸250 mg/次，3次/d，2组均连续药物治疗6月，观察术后2周血清中总胆红素（Tbil）、直接胆红素（Dbil）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）指标、术后半年临床症状（包括腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差）及术后6月、12月、18月胆总管结石复发情况。结果 治疗组术后6月、12月及18月结石复发率略低于对照组，但两者差异无统计学意义（ P >0.05）；治疗组在改善腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差症状方面优于对照组（ P <0.05）；治疗组在改善血清Tbil、Dbil、ALP、GGT水平方面优于对照组（ P <0.01）。结论 柴芍四金汤能有效预防ERCP术后胆总管结石的复发，且能改善胆总管结石引起的临床症状及血清生化指标。      

EST+胆胰管引流治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎

目的 探讨内镜下乳头奥迪氏扩约肌切开(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST) 胆胰管引流技术在急性胆源性胰腺炎(acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP)诊治中的应用价值.方法 将入选的315例ABP患者随机分为EST治疗组(n=132)和非EST对照组(n=183),并根据APACHEⅡ评分,将每组再进一步分为重症组和轻症组.两组患者均给予中西医结合治疗.EST治疗组在入院后24 h内行ERCP(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) EST,如发现胆管或胆胰共同通道有结石,则行网篮气囊取石或碎石器碎石取石,如结石多、结石直径大,结石难以一次取尽则急诊不强行取石术.如ERCP证实胰管狭窄或胰管有结石,则行胰管支架植入或鼻胰管引流.所有患者EST术后均行鼻胆管引流术(endoscopic naso-billiary drainage ENBD).结果 对重症ABP,EST治疗组的并发症发生率、转开腹手术率、住院天数及住院费用均明显低于非EST对照组(X12=7.12,X22=5.64,t1=2.57,t2=2.28,P＜0.05);而两组轻症之间无显著差异.结论 早期应用EST技术治疗ABP是可行的、有效的和安全的.     

小剂量生长抑素预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的临床研究

目的：探讨生长抑素对内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）术后患者高淀粉酶血症及化学性胰腺炎的预防作用。方法：１２８例行ＥＲＣＰ患者随机分为两组：预防组６６例患者，分别于ＥＲＣＰ术前及术后各静滴生长抑素２５０μｇ；对照组６２例，仅静脉滴注５％葡萄糖溶液。两组患者分别检查术前及术后４和２４ｈ血淀粉酶水平及观察化学性胰腺炎发生情况。结果：预防组ＥＲ－ＣＰ术后４，２４ｈ血清淀粉酶分别为（２９８±３３）和（１４０±１５６）Ｕ／Ｌ，明显低于对照组的（３８０±３３）和（２４０±２１０）Ｕ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；预防组６６例中发生化学性胰腺炎１例（１．５％），对照组发生３例（４．８％），相差显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：生长抑素能有效地预防ＥＲＣＰ术后高淀粉酶血症及化学性胰腺炎。     

Experience with 1904 laparoscopic cholecystectomies at a private hospital

The purpose of this paper is to describe our recent experience in performing laparoscopic cholecystectomies of which we performed 1904, from January 1991 to May 1997, at our private hospital, mainly to treat cholecystolithiasis. The patients included 1563 with gallbladder stones (82.0%), 82 with cholecystocholedocholithiasis (4.3%), 104 with adenomyomatosis (5.5%), 132 with polyps (6.9%), and 23 with gallbladder cancer (1.3%). A difficult pericholecystic dissection led to conversion to open surgery in 61 patients. The average operation time was 63 min. Bile duct injury or cystic artery bleeding occurred in 3 patients with acute cholecystitis, and small intestine injury occurred in 1 patient, while bile leakage or a right subphrenic abscess occurred in 6 patients postoperatively. Although this series included 69 patients with previous upper abdominal surgery, 14 with liver cirrhosis, 267 with a nonvisualized gallbladder, and 148 with acute cholecystitis, the overall conversion rate was only 3.2% and morbidity only 0.5%. Although almost all patients with cholelithiasis are now considered potential candidates for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, difficulties during cholecystectomy have been encountered in patients with acute cholecystitis. Surgeons should thus be fully prepared to convert to open surgery whenever difficulties are encountered, in order to avoid complication.     

ERCP下行EST手术42例护理配合

目的：探讨ERCP下行EST手术的护理方法。方法：通过对42例ERCP下行EST手术的护理配合,总结术中器械的使用技巧及治疗与护理的注意事项。结果：48例患者插管成功45例（97.8%）,行EST 42例,均未发生大出血及穿孔。结论：护士充分细致的术前准备、准确迅速的术中配合及完善的术后护理,是治疗成功的基础和保障。     

CASE OF FASCIOLIASIS: EXTRACTION WITH ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY

Fascioliasis is a worldwide zoonotic infection with fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica. The zoonoses are particularly endemic in sheep‐raising countries and are also endemic in Turkey. Clinical features of fascioliasis relate to the stage and intensity of infection. Fasciola hepatica infection comprises two stages: hepatic and biliary, with different signs and symptoms. Cholestatic symptoms may be sudden, but, in some cases, they may be preceded by a long period of fever, eosinophilia and vague gastrointestinal symptoms. We reported a case with fever and upper‐quadrant abdominal pain since 3 months that comes from an area endemic for fasciola hepatica, with suspected imaging about fasciola hepatica in common bile duct on ultrasonography. After that, fasciola hepatica was extracted with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.     

肝移植术后胆道并发症的内镜诊断和治疗(附250例次临床资料分析)

目的 总结经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP）诊断和内镜治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的经验。方法 回顾性分析139例原位肝移植术后合并胆道并发症行ERCP资料,通过ERCP发现10种胆道并发症,发生部位包括移植肝、吻合口和受体胆管、十二指肠乳头等,其中常见的并发症为胆管、吻合口狭窄（102/139,73.4%）,胆管炎（94/139,67.6%）,胆总管和肝内胆管胆泥、胆结石形成（75/139,54.0%）,十二指肠乳头功能紊乱（20/139,14.4%）,胆漏（17/139,12.2%）,T管相关的并发症（4/139,2.9%）等。少见的有十二指肠乳头狭窄（1/139,0.7%）,介入治疗相关的并发症（2/139,1.4%）,胆道出血（3/139,2.2%）,胆管过长、扭曲（4/139,2.9%）等。治疗方法：EST（112/139,80.6%）,扩张管和气囊扩张器扩张（157/250,62.8%）,塑料内支架（139/250,55.6%）,鼻胆管引流、冲洗（87/250,34.8%）,取石（27/250,10.8%）等。结果 本组139例共行250次ERCP,插管成功率达99.2%（248/250）,总治愈率达70.5%（98/139）,好转率为18.7%（26/139）,总有效率为89.2%（124/139）,中转手术9例（9/139,6.5%）,无效4例（4/139,2.9%）,放弃或失访2例。术后并发症主要包括：胆道感染37例,ENBD管滑脱26例,胆泥、胆结石形成18例。结论 内镜是诊断和治疗肝移植术后胆道并发症的主要方法。     

逆行胰胆管造影患者的术前心理反应与护理

目的有效保证行逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)患者的术前心理处于良好状态,从而提高ER-CP的成功率。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)随机对47例准备实施ERCP的患者进行测评,同时对相关影响因素进行调查,并与常模进行对照分析。结果47例患者SAS测评分为31~59分,平均(47.65±5.82)分,明显高出我国常模(29.78±10.07)的上限(P<0.01)。影响因素主要有担心手术不成功、术中疼痛、被其他患者歧视、经济问题及担心预后不佳等。结论术前充分评估患者的心理和影响因素,并有的放矢地做好心理护理,对提高手术成功率和减少并发症具有重要意义。